Beavers as ecosystem engineers – a review of their positive and negative effects
Beavers as ecosystem engineers – a review of their positive and negative effects
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海狸作为生态系统工程师——对其积极和消极影响的回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Kirpotin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Rozhkova;V. K. Popkov;P. Mitchell;S. Kirpotin
本文综述了河狸（Castor fiber L.）和Castor canadensis L.）以及它们对环境不同方面的影响。海狸几乎栖息在所有气候带，但在俄罗斯、美国和加拿大数量最多。海狸的生态系统工程活动包括建造水坝和建造池塘。大坝引起水文变化，土壤过湿，局部微观和纳米地形的变化。水坝下面的海狸池塘中的水停滞导致缺氧，高碳浓度和许多水生生物的死亡。大坝上方的洪水由于过湿而导致植被死亡，同时增加了水生生物的生物多样性。本文包括由托木斯克州立大学收集的关于筑坝池塘缺氧和随后鱼类死亡的原始数据。所有的环境变化都是累积的，并具有很强的背景依赖性。海狸的环境活动有积极和消极的后果。
The paper reviews the environmental activity of beavers (Castor fiber L. and Castor canadensis L.) and their impact on different aspects of the environment. Beavers inhabit almost all climatic zones but are most abundant in Russia, USA, and Canada. Beavers’ ecosystem engineering activities include building dams and creating ponds. The dams provoke hydrological alteration, soil overwetting, changes in local micro- and nanorelief. The water stagnation in beaver ponds below dams results in lack of oxygen, a high carbon concentration, and the death of many aquatic organisms. The flooding water above the dam causes vegetation death due to overwetting and at the same time a rise in the biodiversity of water organisms. This paper includes original data gathered by Tomsk State University on lack of oxygen and subsequent fish death in dammed ponds. All environmental changes are cumulative and have strong contextual dependence. The beavers’ environmental activity has positive and negative consequences.