The fold illusion: The origins and implications of ogives on silicic lavas

The fold illusion: The origins and implications of ogives on silicic lavas
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褶皱错觉:硅质熔岩上尖顶的起源和影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116643
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Gokey, Kailee J.
Gokey, Kailee J.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Andrews, Graham D.M.;Kenderes, Stuart M.;Whittington, Alan G.;Isom, Shelby L.;Brown, Sarah R.;Pettus, Holly D.;Cole, Brenna G.;Gokey, Kailee J.

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基性熔岩表面的褶皱是最容易识别的地质结构之一,并被用作识别地球和其他行星上古代熔岩的一级标准。然而,在这项研究中,存在的表面褶皱的表面上的火山熔岩是有争议的,我们挑战广泛接受的解释,火山熔岩表面包含褶皱使用的例子从美国西部和撒丁岛,意大利。我们解释的脊和槽在其上表面,通常被称为“尖拱”或“压力脊”,作为边界约束结构,而不是褶皱。我们报告的情况下,大规模的,扣式褶皱,而不是注意到无处不在的存在多代和规模的拉伸断裂冰川中的裂缝和形成的方式类似于已经认识到的折痕结构。我们报告的粘度数据和应力分析的结果,排除折叠(韧性变形压缩)的上表面的岩浆侵位的时间尺度(周至数月)。因此,褶皱几何形状(波长、振幅等)的分析是错误的,而是产生的信号反映了强度和厚度的脆性上表面伸展在韧性内部。在其他行星上的熔岩表面上存在的尖拱可能有助于阐明它们的流变特性和地壳厚度,但与它们的拉伸强度有关,而不是粘度。
Folds on the surfaces of mafic lavas are among the most readily recognized geological structures and are used as first-order criteria for identifying ancient lavas on Earth and other planetary bodies. However, the presence of surface-folds on the surface of silicic lavas is contested in this study and we challenge the widely accepted interpretation that silicic lava surfaces contain folds using examples from the western United States and Sardinia, Italy. We interpret the ridges and troughs on their upper surfaces, typically referred to as ‘ogives’ or ‘pressure ridges’, as fracture-bound structures rather than folds. We report on the absence of large-scale, buckle-style folds and note instead the ubiquitous presence of multiple generations and scales of tensile fractures comparable to crevasses in glaciers and formed in ways similar to already recognized crease structures. We report viscosity data and results of stress analyses that preclude folding (ductile deformation in compression) of the upper surface of silicic lavas at timescales of emplacement (weeks to months). Therefore, analysis of fold geometry (wavelength, amplitude, etc.) is erroneous, and instead the signal produced reflects the strength and thickness of the brittle upper surface stretching over a ductile interior. The presence of ogives on the surfaces of lavas on other planetary bodies may help to elucidate their rheological properties and crustal thicknesses, but relating to their tensile strength, not viscosity.
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