Communicating Managed Retreat in California
Communicating Managed Retreat in California
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DOI：
10.3390/w13060781
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Stoltz, Amanda Dania
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bragg, Wendy Karen;Gonzalez, Sara Tasse;Stoltz, Amanda Dania
随着洪水和风暴的频繁和严重程度的增加，造成毁灭性的侵蚀、基础设施破坏和财产损失，加州城市面临着海平面上升带来的日益严重的威胁。管理计划通常是为了防止或减缓洪水，采用短期防御策略，如岸线硬化，海滩营养和活的海岸线。相比之下，管理撤退侧重于避免危险，并通过迁移到远离危险的地方来适应不断变化的海岸线。然而，“有管理的撤退”一词可能会引起争议，并在一些社区引发了激烈的辩论、防御性抗议和持续的抵制。这种反应阻碍了在适应计划中纳入有管理的撤退，在某些情况下导致完全放弃政策审查进程。我们检查了加州7个面临海平面上升风险的社区的当地海岸计划审查过程，并将每个案例分类为接受或抵制管理撤退。三个突出的主题将这两个群体区分开来：(1)沟通的包容性、时机和一致性；(2)财产所有权；(3)利益相关者不愿改变。我们研究了术语和沟通策略的使用，并提出了更有效地沟通“管理撤退”的建议。
California cities face growing threats from sea-level rise as increased frequency and severity of flooding and storms cause devastating erosion, infrastructure damage, and loss of property. Management plans are often designed to prevent or slow flooding with short-term, defensive strategies such as shoreline hardening, beach nourishment, and living shorelines. By contrast, managed retreat focuses on avoiding hazards and adapting to changing shorelines by relocating out of harm's way. However, the term "managed retreat" can be controversial and has engendered heated debates, defensive protests, and steady resistance in some communities. Such responses have stymied inclusion of managed retreat in adaptation plans, and in some cases has resulted in complete abandonment of the policy review process. We examined the Local Coastal Program review process in seven California communities at imminent risk of sea-level rise and categorized each case as receptive or resistant to managed retreat. Three prominent themes distinguished the two groups: (1) inclusivity, timing, and consistency of communication, (2) property ownership, and (3) stakeholder reluctance to change. We examined use of terminology and communication strategies and provided recommendations to communicate "managed retreat" more effectively.