Further observations on a principal components analysis of head-related transfer functions
Further observations on a principal components analysis of head-related transfer functions
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-43967-0
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发表时间：
2019-05
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
P. Mokhtari;H. Kato;H. Takemoto;R. Nishimura;S. Enomoto;S. Adachi;T. Kitamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Mokhtari;H. Kato;H. Takemoto;R. Nishimura;S. Enomoto;S. Adachi;T. Kitamura
人类可以在三维（3D）空间中将声源外部化和局部化，因为接近的声波与头部和外耳相互作用，通过根据到达方向强调不同频带中的水平来增加听觉线索。虽然虚拟音频系统通过信号处理再现这些声学滤波效果，但需要巨大的存储容量来满足许多听众的需求，因为滤波器与每个人的头部和耳朵的形状一样独特。在这里，我们使用的生理成像和声学模拟方法相结合，以确认和扩展以前的研究，代表这些过滤器的线性组合的一小部分ofeigenmodes。根据以前的心理声学结果，我们推断，超过10个，多达24个，本征模式将需要在一个虚拟的音频系统适合于许多听众。此外，前五个本征模式的频率分布在不同的人群和实验方法中是稳健的，前三个本征模式编码熟悉的3D空间对比：沿着左右，自上而下，和倾斜的前后轴，分别。这些发现对虚拟3D音频系统，特别是那些需要高能效和低内存使用的系统，如个人移动的设备，具有一定的意义。
Humans can externalise and localise sound-sources in three-dimensional (3D) space because approaching sound waves interact with the head and external ears, adding auditory cues by (de-)emphasising the level in different frequency bands depending on the direction of arrival. While virtual audio systems reproduce these acoustic filtering effects with signal processing, huge memory-storage capacity would be needed to cater for many listeners because the filters are as unique as the shape of each person’s head and ears. Here we use a combination of physiological imaging and acoustic simulation methods to confirm and extend previous studies that represented these filters by a linear combination of a small number ofeigenmodes. Based on previous psychoacoustic results we infer that more than 10, and as many as 24, eigenmodes would be needed in a virtual audio system suitable for many listeners. Furthermore, the frequency profiles of the top five eigenmodes are robust across different populations and experimental methods, and the top three eigenmodes encode familiar 3D spatial contrasts: along the left-right, top-down, and a tilted front-back axis, respectively. These findings have implications for virtual 3D-audio systems, especially those requiring high energy-efficiency and low memory-usage such as on personal mobile devices.