Tsunamis, hurricanes, the demise of coral reefs and shifts in prehistoric human populations in the Caribbean
Tsunamis, hurricanes, the demise of coral reefs and shifts in prehistoric human populations in the Caribbean
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2008.07.016
复制
发表时间：
2009-02
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Sander R. Scheffersa;Jay Haviserb;Tony Brownea;Anja Scheffersa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sander R. Scheffersa;Jay Haviserb;Tony Brownea;Anja Scheffersa
报告审查了大加勒比地区的极端自然事件及其对珊瑚礁和史前人类社会的影响。作为飓风或海啸年表的生物和地质档案，使用了岸上粗珊瑚沉积物。自然扰动对珊瑚礁的影响极其复杂，历史记录的时间跨度相对较短，无法提供关于热带飓风或海啸变异等极端自然事件的足够长期信息。海啸和热带风暴等极端自然事件及其对珊瑚礁的影响的沉积记录以粗糙的岸上珊瑚礁碎片的形式存在。这些粗糙的沉积物提供了极端事件的空间和时间变化等信息。热带飓风对珊瑚礁的短期影响有详细的文献记载和研究，但海啸对珊瑚礁的影响一直被忽视，直到不久前，2004年12月的印度洋海啸造成了人类历史上最大的海啸灾难。这方面的贡献侧重于自然极端事件，如海啸和飓风，并提出证据和现代和古代热带例子的案例研究，区分存款从这两个不同的波事件的问题，和存款的意义在加勒比地区的珊瑚礁演变研究。通过综合以粗沉积单位获取的长期（多世纪至千年）记录，可以更好地了解珊瑚礁的形态/结构或不整合面及其起源。极端波浪事件记录也为史前人类动力学提供了解释。
A review of extreme natural events and their impact on coral reefs and prehistoric human society for the wider Caribbean is presented. As a biological and geological archive of hurricane or tsunami chronology, onshore coarse coral deposits were used. The influence of natural disturbances on coral reefs is extremely complex and the relatively short time span of historical records does not provide sufficient long-term information on extreme natural events such as tropical hurricanes or tsunami variability. The sedimentary record of extreme natural events, such as tsunamis and tropical storms, and their impacts on coral reefs are present in the form of coarse onshore reef debris. These coarse sediments provide information on, for example, spatial and temporal variability of extreme events. The short-term impact of tropical hurricanes on coral reefs is well documented and has been studied in great detail, but the impact of tsunamis on coral reefs was rather neglected until the recent past, when the Indian Ocean Tsunami in December 2004 caused the greatest tsunami catastrophe in human history. This contribution focuses on natural extreme events, such as tsunamis and hurricanes and presents evidence and case studies of modern and ancient tropical examples, the problem of distinguishing deposits from these two different wave events, and the significance of the deposits for reef evolution studies within the Caribbean region. A better understanding of coral reef morphologies/structures or disconformities and their origins can be gained by incorporating long-term (multi-century to millennial) records captured in coarse depositional units. The extreme wave event records also provide explanations to prehistoric human dynamics.