When some is actually all: Scalar inferences in face-threatening contexts
When some is actually all: Scalar inferences in face-threatening contexts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.005
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Villejoubert, Gaelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonnefon, Jean-Francois;Feeney, Aidan;Villejoubert, Gaelle
从“一些 X-ed”到“并非所有 X-ed”的标量推论是当代会话语用学理论之间争论的核心。对这场辩论的一个重要贡献是确定降低推论认可率的背景。我们建议，在威胁面子的情况下，即当 X 意味着听者丢面子时，该推论较少得到认可。这一说法在实验 1 中得到了成功的测试。实验 2 排除了面部威胁上下文和下限上下文之间可能存在的混淆。实验 3 表明，当人们知道所有 X-ed 总是被视为信息量不足的话语时，虽然说“some X-ed”，但当 X 威胁到听众的脸时，这也被视为一种友善且礼貌的做法。这些发现是从相关性理论以及广义会话推理方法的角度考虑的。 (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Accounts of the scalar inference from 'some X-ed' to 'not all X-ed' are central to the debate between contemporary theories of conversational pragmatics. An important contribution to this debate is to identify contexts that decrease the endorsement rate of the inference. We suggest that the inference is endorsed less often in face-threatening contexts, i.e., when X implies a loss of face for the listener. This claim is successfully tested in Experiment 1. Experiment 2 rules out a possible confound between face-threatening contexts and lower-bound contexts. Experiment 3 shows that whilst saying 'some X-ed' when one knew for a fact that all X-ed is always perceived as an underinformative utterance, it is also seen as a nice and polite thing to do when X threatens the face of the listener. These findings are considered from the perspective of Relevance Theory as well as that of the Generalized Conversational Inference approach. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.