Regulation of dietary intake of protein and lipid by nurse-age adult worker honeybees.
Regulation of dietary intake of protein and lipid by nurse-age adult worker honeybees.
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.230615
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发表时间：
2021-02-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wright GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stabler D;Al-Esawy M;Chennells JA;Perri G;Robinson A;Wright GA
必需的大量营养素对动物的健康和生存至关重要。许多研究表明，动物调节蛋白质和碳水化合物的摄入量以获得最佳表现。膳食脂肪的调节很重要，但研究较少。蜜蜂收集和食用花粉以获得蛋白质和脂肪，但它们如何实现这两种常量营养素的最佳平衡目前尚不清楚。在这里，使用化学定义的饮食组成的必需氨基酸和脂质（卵磷脂），我们表明，成年工蜂积极调节其摄入的脂质相对于其饮食中的蛋白质量的最佳值。我们发现，无窝，哺乳期工蜂消耗的食物达到1：2和1：3之间的比例为必需氨基酸与脂质或1.25：1的蛋白质与脂肪。蜜蜂喂食的食物中脂肪含量相对较高，腹部脂肪增加，下咽腺增大。在大多数情况下，吃高脂肪的饮食不会导致死亡率增加。重要的是，我们还发现，当蜜蜂选择两种脂肪含量相对较高的饮食时，它们吃的食物总量增加，这意味着饮食脂肪影响蜜蜂的营养状态，进而影响行为。我们推测，膳食脂肪起着至关重要的作用，在维护工人的护士般的行为状态独立的女王信息素的影响。摘要：哺乳期成年工蜂将其膳食必需氨基酸和脂肪的摄入量调节为1：2。蜜蜂在喂食高脂肪食物时体重增加。
Essential macronutrients are critical to the fitness and survival of animals. Many studies have shown that animals regulate the amount of protein and carbohydrate they eat for optimal performance. Regulation of dietary fat is important but less often studied. Honeybees collect and consume floral pollen to obtain protein and fat but how they achieve the optimal balance of these two macronutrients is presently unknown. Here, using chemically defined diets composed of essential amino acids and lipids (lecithin), we show that adult worker honeybees actively regulate their intake of lipids around optimal values relative to the amount of protein in their diet. We found that broodless, nurse-age worker honeybees consume foods to achieve a ratio between 1:2 and 1:3 for essential amino acids to lipid or ∼1.25:1 protein to fat. Bees fed diets relatively high in fat gained abdominal fat and had enlarged hypopharyngeal glands. In most cases, eating diets high in fat did not result in increased mortality. Importantly, we also discovered that the total quantity of food the bees ate increased when they were given a choice of two diets relatively high in fat, implying that dietary fat influences bee nutritional state in a way that, in turn, influences behaviour. We speculate that dietary fat plays a critical role in maintaining workers in the nurse-like behavioural state independently of the influence of queen pheromone. Summary: Nurse-age adult worker honeybees regulate their intake of dietary essential amino acids and fat to a ratio of 1:2. Honeybees gain weight when fed diets high in fat.