Biocertification and Neurodiversity: the Role and Implications of Self-Diagnosis in Autistic Communities
Biocertification and Neurodiversity: the Role and Implications of Self-Diagnosis in Autistic Communities
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DOI：
10.1007/s12152-016-9247-x
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Sarrett, Jennifer C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarrett, Jennifer C.
神经多样性主张自闭症和相关疾病是人类神经系统结果的自然变异，既不应该治愈也不应该正常化，它的主张是自闭症患者具有独特的神经系统差异。作为自闭症患者，该社区的成员身份很大程度上来自于临床鉴定或生物认证。然而，有许多自闭症患者会自我诊断。这种做法在自闭症群体中引起争议。本文利用从自闭症在线社区论坛“错误的星球”收集的数据，描述了自闭症自我倡导者之间关于自我诊断的争论，并鉴于验证自闭症是“自然类型”的困难而主张接受这种做法。这种做法可以抵消针对自闭症社区和自闭症社区内部的歧视性做法，也有助于验证自闭症患者的自我认识和自我专业知识。这一讨论对于其他神经群体、身份和隐私等神经伦理问题以及批判性自闭症研究的新兴领域也具有重要意义。
Neurodiversity, the advocacy position that autism and related conditions are natural variants of human neurological outcomes that should be neither cured nor normalized, is based on the assertion that autistic people have unique neurological differences. Membership in this community as an autistic person largely results from clinical identification, or biocertification. However, there are many autistic individuals who diagnose themselves. This practice is contentious among autistic communities. Using data gathered from Wrong Planet, an online autism community forum, this article describes the debate about self-diagnosis amongst autistic self-advocates and argues for the acceptance of the practice in light of the difficulties in verifying autism as a 'natural kind.' This practice can counteract discriminatory practices towards and within the autistic community and also work to verfiy autistic self-knowledge and self-expertise. This discussion also has important implications for other neurocommunities, neuroethical issues such as identity and privacy, and the emerging field of critical autism studies.