Flower bud differentiation and development of male and female gametophytes in Camellia oleifera
Flower bud differentiation and development of male and female gametophytes in Camellia oleifera
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
Fan Xiao-ming
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作者：
Fan Xiao-ming
采用石蜡切片方法对油茶‘湘林一号’雌雄细胞发育进行细胞学观察，并分析花芽分化与其外部形态的相关性。结果表明：（1）花芽分化发育可分为预分化、萼片形成、花瓣形成、雄蕊和雌蕊形成、子房和花药形成、雄蕊和雄蕊形成6个阶段。雌蕊成熟;(2)'XL 1号'每个花药有四个心室;花药壁发育属于基本型;腺绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂属于同时型,小孢子在四分体中排列成四面体;花粉在开花前7~9 d成熟;成熟花粉为2细胞型;(3)胚珠为倒生胚珠，珠心薄，有双珠被；大孢子母细胞进行减数分裂，产生两个二分体细胞，只有合点端的大孢子具有生物学功能，形成7个核和8个胚囊，经历3次有丝分裂，呈洋葱型胚囊。(4)在发育过程中，不仅雄蕊和雌蕊的形成具有稳定的对应关系。关系,但又都与外部形态相对应。根据时间顺序上的对应关系,可以通过外部形态来识别内性细胞的发育过程。
Cytological observation on the development of female and male cells of Camellia oleifera 'Xianglin No.1' was carried out by the method of paraffin sectioning,and the correlation between flower bud differentiation and its external morphology was analyzed.The results show that:(1) The development of flower bud differentiation could be divided into 6 stages: pre-differentiation,sepal formation,petal formation,stamen and pistil formation,ovary and anther formation,and stamen and pistil maturation;(2) 'XL No.1' had four ventricles in each anther;the development of the anther wall belonged to the basic type;glandular tapetum;the meiosis in the microspore mother cells belonged to the simultaneous type and the microspores were arranged in a tetrahedron shape in the tetrads;pollen matured in seven to nine days before blooming;The ripened pollen was of 2-cell type;(3) The ovule was anatropous ovule,nucellus thin,with a double integument;the megasporocyte underwent meiotic division,giving rise to two dyad cells,only the megaspore at chalazal end had biological function,forming 7 nuclear and 8 embryo sacs that underwent 3 mitosis as the onion-type embryo sac.(4) During the process of development,not only the formation of androecium and gynoecium had stable corresponding relations,but aslo they all corresponded with the external morphology.According to the corresponding relations in time sequence,the development process of the interior sexual cell could be identified by the external morphology.