Rhombencephalic pathways and neurotransmitters controlling deglutition
Rhombencephalic pathways and neurotransmitters controlling deglutition
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00824-5
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发表时间：
2001-12-03
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bieger, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bieger, D
从神经元通路追踪和药理学微刺激研究的信息，结合电生理数据，已经开始合并成一个连贯的，如果仍然不完整，图片的脑干电路负责产生的运动模式的吞咽和食管痉挛在大鼠。中间，间质，腹侧亚核的孤波复合体似乎发挥了关键作用，证明了他们的内脏感觉输入和广泛的预测的小细胞中间网状结构的髓质，脑干吞咽运动神经元池，和一般内脏传出节前神经元控制上消化道横纹和光滑的肌肉组织，分别。孤束中央亚核的密集投射形成一个单独的分支回路，控制食管和胃的运动。虽然不广泛，后者亚核和协调吞咽的颊咽阶段的中间神经元之间的直接联系似乎存在。在这两个子回路中，快速信息传递通过几种谷氨酸受体亚型使用兴奋性氨基酸能传递。局部孤束中间神经元释放GABA能抑制可能是引发吞咽前运动神经元活动的机制。局部或网状胆碱能神经元参与咽食管耦合和推进性食管输出的产生。研究中的孤束中间神经元参与孤束复合体内复杂的局部树突和轴突投射。进一步分析这些局部电路和他们的发射器应该产生基本线索的机制，潜在的吞咽运动模式的产生。(C)2001年，Excerpta Medica，Inc.
Information from neuronal pathway tracing and pharmacologic microstimulation studies, in conjunction with electrophysiological data, has begun to coalesce into a coherent, if still incomplete, picture of the brain stem circuitry responsible for generating the motor patterns underlying deglutition and esophageal peristalsis in the rat. The intermediate, interstitial, and ventral subnuclei of the solitarius complex appear to play a pivotal part, as evidenced by their viscerosensory inputs and extensive projections to the parvicellular intermediate reticular formation of the medulla, to the brain stem deglutitive motor neuron pools, and to general visceral efferent preganglionic neurons controlling the upper alimentary tract striated and smooth musculature, respectively. The dense projections of the solitarial central subnucleus form a separate subcircuit controlling esophageal, and also some aspects of gastric, motility. Although not extensive, direct connections between the latter subnucleus and interneurons coordinating the buccopharyngeal stage of swallowing appear to exist. In both subcircuits, fast information transfer uses excitatory amino acidergic transmission by means of several glutamate-receptor subtypes. Release from tonic GABAergic inhibition exerted by local solitarial interneurons may provide a mechanism for triggering deglutitive premotoneuronal activity. Local or reticular cholinergic neurons are implicated in pharyngoesophageal coupling and the generation of propulsive esophagomotor output. The solitary interneurons under investigation engage in complex local dendritic and axonal projections within the solitarius complex. Further analysis of these local circuits and their transmitters should yield essential clues regarding the mechanisms underlying deglutitive motor pattern generation. (C) 2001 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.