Emerging cancer vaccines: the promise of genetic vectors.
Emerging cancer vaccines: the promise of genetic vectors.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers3033687
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发表时间：
2011-09-22
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ciliberto, Gennaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aurisicchio, Luigi;Ciliberto, Gennaro
针对癌症的治疗性疫苗接种是一种重要的方法，当与其他疗法结合时，可以改善癌症的长期控制。事实上，诱导针对肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）的适应性免疫应答以及先天免疫是肿瘤稳定/根除的重要因素。在过去的几十年中，已经探索了各种免疫技术，目前正在积极评估中，例如基于细胞、蛋白质、肽和热休克蛋白的癌症疫苗。基因疫苗正在成为引发针对各种抗原（包括TAA）的免疫应答的有前景的方法。其中，基于腺病毒（Ad）的载体显示出优异的免疫原性特征，并且已经在人类中实现了免疫学概念验证。质粒DNA的体内电穿孔（DNA-EP）也是用于癌症疫苗的理想疫苗技术，因为其可重复数次，这是长期维持抗肿瘤免疫所需的参数。最近的发现表明，与单一模式疫苗相比，不同免疫模式的组合（异源初免/加强）能够诱导上级免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论新兴癌症疫苗的挑战和要求，特别是目前正在积极开发的基因癌症疫苗和Ad和DNA-EP异源引发-加强所显示的前景。
Therapeutic vaccination against cancer is an important approach which, when combined with other therapies, can improve long-term control of cancer. In fact, the induction of adaptive immune responses against Tumor Associated Antigens (TAAs) as well as innate immunity are important factors for tumor stabilization/eradication. A variety of immunization technologies have been explored in last decades and are currently under active evaluation, such as cell-based, protein, peptide and heat-shock protein-based cancer vaccines. Genetic vaccines are emerging as promising methodologies to elicit immune responses against a wide variety of antigens, including TAAs. Amongst these, Adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors show excellent immunogenicity profile and have achieved immunological proof of concept in humans. In vivo electroporation of plasmid DNA (DNA-EP) is also a desirable vaccine technology for cancer vaccines, as it is repeatable several times, a parameter required for the long-term maintenance of anti-tumor immunity. Recent findings show that combinations of different modalities of immunization (heterologous prime/boost) are able to induce superior immune reactions as compared to single-modality vaccines. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and requirements of emerging cancer vaccines, particularly focusing on the genetic cancer vaccines currently under active development and the promise shown by Ad and DNA-EP heterologous prime-boost.