New measurement technique for characterizing small extraterrestrial materials by X‐ray diffraction using the Gandolfi attachment

New measurement technique for characterizing small extraterrestrial materials by X‐ray diffraction using the Gandolfi attachment
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使用 Gandolfi 附件通过 X 射线衍射表征小型外星材料的新测量技术

DOI:
10.1111/maps.13491
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Kimura Makoto
Kimura Makoto
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Imae Naoya;Kimura Makoto

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小的地外样品的识别和表征,如小于1厘米的南极陨石,需要开发方便的基于实验室的无损分析技术,使用X射线衍射(XRD)。我们使用带有Gandolfi附件的X射线衍射仪,使用各种石质陨石的亚毫米级小碎片和粉末聚集体探索表征标准,并开发了一种新的分析技术。我们主要关注橄榄石和辉石,因为它们是石陨石分类中最丰富和最重要的矿物。一个新的校准进行估计的FeO含量的橄榄石在不平衡的普通陨石,这是有用的,用于确定陨石的化学组,无论粉末聚集体的直径,但取决于碎片粒径。这是因为X射线强度吸收对于颗粒比粉末更有效。斜顽火辉石(Cen)和正顽火辉石(Oen)区分使用的存在或不存在的孤立Oen 511指数峰。该方法也适用于其他石质陨石,包括碳质陨石和无球粒陨石。XRD结果与基于抛光部分的研究一致,包括通过扫描显微镜观察的结构和组成矿物的化学成分。这里介绍的新测量技术很方便,因为它是在空气中由实验室X射线衍射仪使用的,这使得它对有限的外星样品表征的初步分析很有用。
Identification and characterization of small extraterrestrial samples, such as small Antarctic meteorites <~1 cm, require the development of convenient laboratory‐based nondestructive analytical techniques using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). We explore the characterization criteria using an X‐ray diffractometer with a Gandolfi attachment using sub‐mm small fragments and powder aggregates for various kinds of stony meteorites and develop a new analytical technique. We primarily focus on olivine and pyroxene because they are the most abundant and important minerals for stony meteorite classification. A new calibration is performed to estimate the FeO content of the olivine in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, which is useful for determining the meteorite chemical group irrespective of powder aggregate diameter but dependent on fragment grain diameter. This is because X‐ray intensity absorption is more effective for grains than for powders. Clinoenstatite (Cen) and orthoenstatite (Oen) were distinguished using the presence or absence of the isolated Oen 511 index peak. The method is also applied to other stony meteorites including carbonaceous chondrites and achondrites. The XRD results are consistent with studies based on polished sections involving textural observations by scanning microscope and chemical compositions of the constituent minerals. The new measurement technique presented here is convenient because of its use in air by the laboratory‐based X‐ray diffractometer, which makes it useful for the initial analyses of restricted extraterrestrial sample characterization.
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