CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENTAL BIASES IN HISTORICAL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATA
CORRECTION OF INSTRUMENTAL BIASES IN HISTORICAL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATA
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DOI：
10.1002/qj.49712152206
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
PARKER, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FOLLAND, CK;PARKER, DE
我们描述了一种基于物理的经验技术，用于校正随时间变化的偏差的历史海面温度测量。这些修正是根据暴露在甲板上的未隔热（帆布）和部分隔热（木制）海水温度桶的热量和水分转移模型进行的。其中一个帆布桶模型使用船上的测量和公布的风洞测量进行了测试。该方法给出了1856年至1941年期间地理和季节变化的偏差校正。这些修正对不确定性相当不敏感，如铲斗的大小或其在甲板上暴露的细节。海表温度观测的历史的讨论提供了一个程序的背景。由此产生的全球和季节平均海表温度校正从0.11摄氏度在1856年增加到0.42摄氏度的1940年。这些修正与最近在海上对帆布桶的误差进行的测量是一致的。全球和半球时间序列的校正海面温度和夜间海洋空气温度数据显示出良好的一致性：更详细的核查更正将在其他地方报告。
We describe a physically based empirical technique for correcting historical sea surface temperature measurements for time-varying biases. The corrections are based on models of heat and moisture transfers from uninsulated (canvas) and partially insulated (wooden) sea temperature buckets exposed on deck. One of the canvas bucket models is tested using measurements on board ship and published wind-tunnel measurements. The method gives geographically and seasonally varying bias corrections through the period 1856 to 1941. The corrections are fairly insensitive to uncertainties such as the size of the bucket or the details of its exposure on deck. A discussion of the history of sea surface temperature observations provides a background to the procedure.The resulting globally and seasonally averaged sea surface temperature corrections increase from 0.11 degC in 1856 to 0.42 degC by 1940. The corrections are compatible with recent measurements made at sea of the errors of canvas buckets. Global and hemispheric time series of corrected sea surface temperature and night marine air temperature data show good agreement: more detailed verifications of the corrections will be reported elsewhere.