An ecological-transactional analysis of children and contexts: The longitudinal interplay among child maltreatment, community violence, and children's symptomatology
An ecological-transactional analysis of children and contexts: The longitudinal interplay among child maltreatment, community violence, and children's symptomatology
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DOI：
10.1017/s095457949800159x
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Cicchetti, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lynch, M;Cicchetti, D
Cicchetti和Lynch将生态环境概念化为由与个体接近程度不同的嵌套层次组成。随着时间的推移，这些层次的环境在塑造个人发展和适应方面相互作用和相互影响。与虐待（n = 188）和nonmaltreated（n = 134）的7至12岁的儿童的样本，本调查采用了1年的纵向设计进行生态交易分析的相互关系之间的社区暴力，儿童虐待，儿童的功能随着时间的推移。儿童功能的指标是外化和内化的行为问题和自评创伤应激反应，抑郁症和自尊。该研究的主要假设获得了全部或部分支持。虐待，特别是身体虐待的发生率与社区中儿童报告的暴力行为的程度有关。此外，虐待儿童和遭受社区暴力与儿童功能的不同方面有关。在忽视和性虐待以及目睹和成为社区暴力受害者方面观察到了具体影响。最后，有证据表明，随着时间的推移，儿童及其环境相互影响。在生态-交易发展模式的框架内讨论了结果。
Cicchetti and Lynch have conceptualized ecological contexts as consisting of nested levels with varying degrees of proximity to the individual. These levels of the environment interact and transact with each other over time in shaping individual development and adaptation. With a sample of maltreated (n = 188) and nonmaltreated (n = 134) children between the ages of 7 and 12 years, this investigation employed a 1-year longitudinal design to conduct an ecological-transactional analysis of the mutual relationships among community violence, child maltreatment, and children's functioning over time. Indicators of children's functioning were externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and self-rated traumatic stress reactions, depressive symptomatology, and self-esteem. Either full or partial support was obtained for the study's primary hypotheses. Rates of maltreatment, particularly physical abuse, were related to levels of child-reported violence in the community. In addition, child maltreatment and exposure to community violence were related to different aspects of children's functioning. Specific effects were observed for neglect and sexual abuse and for witnessing and being victimized by violence in the community. Finally, there was evidence that children and their contexts mutually influence each other over time. Results were discussed within the framework of an ecological-transactional model of development.