Self-knowledge: its limits, value, and potential for improvement.
Self-knowledge: its limits, value, and potential for improvement.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141954
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发表时间：
2004-01
影响因子：
24.8
通讯作者：
Timothy D. Wilson;Elizabeth W. Dunn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Timothy D. Wilson;Elizabeth W. Dunn
由于个人的动机和心灵的结构，人们可能很难认识自己。人们经常试图通过有意识的压抑，也许是通过无意识的压抑来屏蔽不想要的想法和感受，尽管这种尝试是否成功是有争议的。自我认识失败的一个更常见的原因是大部分心智无法进入意识，包括涉及感知、运动学习、个性、态度和自尊的心理过程。内省不能为这些心理过程提供直接的管道，尽管某些类型的内省可能有助于人们构建有益的个人叙述。其他增加自我认识的方法包括通过他人的眼睛来看待自己，观察我们自己的行为。这些方法有可能促进自我认识，尽管存在重大障碍。保持与现实完全一致的自我感知并不总是有利的，但增加对无意识动机和个性的认识通常是有益的。
Because of personal motives and the architecture of the mind, it may be difficult for people to know themselves. People often attempt to block out unwanted thoughts and feelings through conscious suppression and perhaps through unconscious repression, though whether such attempts are successful is controversial. A more common source of self-knowledge failure is the inaccessibility of much of the mind to consciousness, including mental processes involved in perception, motor learning, personality, attitudes, and self-esteem. Introspection cannot provide a direct pipeline to these mental processes, though some types of introspection may help people construct beneficial personal narratives. Other ways of increasing self-knowledge include looking at ourselves through the eyes of others and observing our own behavior. These approaches can potentially promote self-knowledge, although major obstacles exist. It is not always advantageous to hold self-perceptions that correspond perfectly with reality, but increasing awareness of nonconscious motives and personality is generally beneficial.