Review article on spine kinematics of quadrupeds and bipeds during walking.
Review article on spine kinematics of quadrupeds and bipeds during walking.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109631
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sandra Reitmaier;H. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sandra Reitmaier;H. Schmidt
绵羊、猪和山羊是临床前脊柱应用中最常用的大型动物。然而，有越来越多的声音质疑四足动物的适宜性，因为明显的姿势差异让我们有理由假设与人类相比，四足动物的脊柱运动学存在显著差异。相反，人们经常质疑灵长类动物是否因为它们有两足行走的能力而不代表更合适的实验动物。然而，这两种观点从未被系统地讨论过。因此，本文回顾了四足动物、灵长类动物和人类在行走过程中的体内脊柱运动学的现有文献，并批判性地讨论了这些物种之间的可比性。令人惊讶的是，没有发现针对绵羊、猪或山羊的研究。相反，文献检索产生了50项关于四足动物、马（n = 37）、狗（n = 13）、灵长类动物（n = 10）和人类（n = 61）的研究。总的来说，运动学数据显示出高度的异质性，并且经常显示出方法上的缺陷，例如，测量动物的数量不足。与人类和灵长类动物相比，人类和四足动物之间的运动学变量更具可比性。然而，脊柱特征的差异也可以在四足动物（马、狗）之间找到。总之，使用特定动物物种作为脊柱研究的模型需要对其进行表征。跨物种的推断是不合格的。此外，该综述还揭示了灵长类动物和人类两足行走之间的显著差异。因此，步态本身并不能构成灵长类动物优于四足动物作为人类脊柱研究实验动物模型的有效论据。
Sheep, pigs and goats are the most commonly used large animals for preclinical spinal applications. However, there is an increasing number of voices challenging the suitability of quadrupeds, as the obvious postural differences give reason to presume significant differences in the spinal kinematics compared to humans. Rather, it is often questioned if primates did not represent the more suitable experimental animals due to their ability to bipedal walking. Both perspectives, however, have never been systematically addressed.Therefore, the present paper reviews the existing literature onin vivospinal kinematics of quadrupeds, primates and humans during walking and critically discusses the comparability between these species.Surprisingly, no studies were found for sheep, pigs or goats. Instead, the literature search yielded 50 studies on quadrupeds, horses (n = 37) and dogs (n = 13), primates (n = 10) and humans (n = 61). In general, the kinematic data revealed a high level of heterogeneity and often demonstrated methodological deficits, e.g., insufficient number of measured animals. More kinematic variables were comparable between humans and quadrupeds than between humans and primates. Differences in spinal characteristics, however, could also be found amongst quadrupeds themselves (horsevs.dog).In conclusion, using of a particular animal species as a model for spine research requires its characterization. Cross-species extrapolations are ineligible. Furthermore, the review revealed significant differences between the bipedal walk of primates and humans. The gait alone thus does not constitute a valid argument for the superiority of primates over quadrupeds as experimental animal models for human spine research.