“Internal tide pools” prolong kelp forest hypoxic events
“Internal tide pools” prolong kelp forest hypoxic events
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“内潮汐池”延长海带森林缺氧事件
DOI：
10.1002/lno.10716
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
F. Micheli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paul R. Leary;C. Woodson;M. E. Squibb;Mark W. Denny;S. Monismith;F. Micheli
本研究在加利福尼亚州蒙特利湾南部的一个海藻床上进行了实地观察，以评估在内波事件放松后，岩石礁洼地内低温低氧水的保留。正如岩石潮间带的潮池在表面波浪和潮汐松弛后继续保持洼地一样，“内潮池”在内波松弛后继续保持潮下礁的洼地。当内波含有低溶解氧（DO）水时，缺氧事件的持续时间可以延长池区内的生物。此外，我们认为内波上升会导致这些区域的低温低氧水提前到达，从而进一步延长缺氧事件。内部潮池和波浪上升共同使事件持续时间平均延长20%。然而，一些事件扩展到区域尺度事件长度的160%，这可能比平均扩展更具生态相关性。当内波包含其他环境协变量（例如，低pH值，营养物质）时，预计内潮池将在这些数量上产生类似的时间延长和斑块景观。我们将池化区内的亚温跃层水松弛的减缓归因于珊瑚礁本身的滞留，而不是海带床的拖曳效应。在低氧内孔之后，内潮池会引起DO和温度场的一段极端空间变异性，这可能会影响当地生物的分布和行为。
This study uses field observations within a single kelp bed in southern Monterey Bay, California, to evaluate the retention of cold, hypoxic water within depressions in the rocky reef following relaxation of internal wave events. Just as tide pools in the rocky intertidal zone persist in depressions following the relaxation of surface waves and tides, “internal tide pools” persist in depressions in the subtidal reef following the relaxation of internal waves. When internal waves contain low dissolved oxygen (DO) water, the duration of hypoxic events can be extended for organisms within the pooling zone. Additionally, we suggest that internal wave run‐up can cause the early arrival of cold hypoxic water in these same areas, thereby extending hypoxic events further. Together, internal tide pools and wave run‐up extend event durations by 20% on average. However, some events are extended up to 160% of the regional‐scale event length, which may be more ecologically relevant than the mean extension. When internal waves contain other environmental covariates (e.g., low pH, nutrients), internal tide pools are expected to create a similar time extension and patchy landscape in these quantities. We attribute the slowing of the relaxation of sub‐thermocline water within pooling zones to retention within the reef itself rather than a drag effect of the kelp bed. Following hypoxic internal bores, internal tide pools cause a period of extreme spatial variability in the DO and temperature field which is likely to impact the distribution and behavior of local organisms.