Functional foods and intestinal homeostasis: The perspective of in vivo evidence
Functional foods and intestinal homeostasis: The perspective of in vivo evidence
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功能性食品和肠道稳态：体内证据的视角
DOI：
10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.075
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发表时间：
2021-03-16
影响因子：
15.3
通讯作者：
Li, Ning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Gang;Li, Yanwu;Li, Ning
背景：肠道是公认的重要的营养分子吸收器官。同时，肠道疾病，包括肠粘膜萎缩，屏障功能障碍（漏肠），炎症性肠病（溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病？肠易激综合征（IBS）、肠道菌群失调和癌症（散发性和结肠炎相关的肠癌）一直是我们面临的首要疾病。然而，虽然有几个关于食物大分子成分（多糖和益生元）的肠道调节作用的报道，但食物中的低分子量植物化学物质，特别是功能性食物中的低分子量植物化学物质对肠道疾病的影响还没有系统地了解。范围和方法：各种功能性食品及其低分子量植物化学物质有助于保护肠道内稳态已被证明。由于其体内疗效的不确定性，未纳入初步体外结果。本综述仅汇编体内生物活性报告和发现，并提供坚实的证据（包括人类和动物证据），以证明食品及其低分子量植物化学物质作为肠道健康的补充疗法或膳食补充剂的实际用途及其潜在的作用机制。主要调查结果和结论：功能性食品（包括天然食品和提取物）及其低分子量植物化学物质可通过促进肠上皮更新和屏障功能，恢复肠道植物群，抑制肠道炎症和肿瘤生长，发挥预防肿瘤的作用，从而在肠道疾病的不同阶段对小肠和大肠的肠道健康有益。因此，根据肠道疾病的情况，摄入某些功能性食物或其低分子量植物化学物质可以缓解肠道疾病的症状，并有助于维持不同水平的肠道内环境稳定。
Background: The intestine is the well-acknowledged important organ where the nutritional molecules are absorbed. Meanwhile, intestinal ailments, including intestinal mucosal atrophy, barrier dysfunction (leaky gut), inflammation bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn?s disease), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dysbacteriosis, and cancers (sporadic and colitis-associated intestinal cancers), have always been the top-ranking diseases that we are confronting. However, although there are several reports on the intestinal modulatory effects for the food macromolecular components (polysaccharides and prebiotics), the effects of low-molecular-weight phytochemicals from foods, especially those from functional foods, on intestinal ailments have not been methodically understood. Scope and approach: Various functional foods and their low-molecular-weight phytochemicals that help protect intestinal homeostasis have been demonstrated. The preliminary in vitro results are not included due to the uncertainty of their in vivo efficacy. This review compiles only in vivo bioactive reports and findings with solid pieces of evidence (both human and animal-based ones) to demonstrate the practical use of the food and its lowmolecular-weight phytochemicals as complementary therapies or dietary supplements for intestinal health and their underlying mechanism of action. Key findings and conclusions: Functional foods (both the whole food and extracts) and their low-molecular-weight phytochemicals can benefit intestinal health of both small and large intestines at different stages of intestinal ailments through promoting intestinal epithelial renewal and barrier function, restoring intestinal flora, inhibiting intestinal inflammation and tumor growth, and exerting intestinal-cancer preventive effects. Therefore, depending on the circumstances of the intestinal ailment, intake of certain functional foods or their lowmolecular-weight phytochemicals can relieve the symptom of intestinal ailments and contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis at different levels.