I Human Security in Practice : Canadian and Japanese Experiences-猫眼课题宝

I 人类安全实践：加拿大和日本的经验

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2004

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作者：

D. Bosold;Sascha Werthes

IPG 1/2005 t如今，学者和政界人士的共识是，东欧共产主义政权的灭亡和两极分化的结束显著改变了外交和安全政策的执行方式。新类型的暴力冲突--大多被贴上种族冲突或国家内部冲突的标签--已经出现，恐怖主义正在威胁自由民主的生活方式。此外，由于经济全球化和环境退化，国家和社会之间的相互依存度越来越高，促使重新制定现有政策。国家安全政策尤其如此，甚至在9/11恐怖袭击之前就是如此。各国对发展援助采取的办法，以及民主国家重新把重点放在促进世界不稳定地区的民主化和促进人权上，只是三个例子。此外，冷战后关于和平红利和世界新秩序的乐观情绪尚未实现。安全政策领域的相互依存，或者更准确地说，相互依存，如今已被广泛接受，尽管脆弱性和敏感性程度各不相同。因此，在过去十年中，制定了维护国际秩序和安全的新办法。早在20世纪70年代和80年代，就出现了新的安全概念，如合作安全、全面安全和环境安全，勃兰特委员会、棕榈岛委员会和布伦特兰委员会及其各自的报告最突出地推动了这一概念。1在过去十年中，出现了一个新概念，受到全世界的关注：人的安全。考虑到(出于学术目的)、甚至(出于实际或政治目的)对人的安全的普遍接受的理解尚未形成，这一点可能并不令人惊讶。这个概念一直是

ipg 1/2005 t is nowadays the consensus among scholars and politicians that the demise of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the end of bipolarity have significantly changed the ways in which foreign and security policy are conducted. New types of violent conflict – mostly labeled »ethnic« or »intrastate« – have arisen and terrorism is threatening the liberal-democratic way of life. Furthermore, growing interdependence among states and societies due to economic globalization and environmental degradation have stimulated a reformulation of existing policies. This has been especially true of national security policies, even before the 9/11 terrorist attacks. National approaches to development assistance and the renewed focus of democratic states on fostering democratization and the promotion of human rights in unstable regions of the world are just three examples. In addition, the post-Cold War optimism concerning a peace dividend and a new world order has not been fulfilled. Interdependence or, more accurately, mutual dependence in the sphere of security policy is nowadays broadly accepted, even though degrees of vulnerability and sensitivity vary. Thus, new approaches to maintaining international order and security have been developed in the last decade. Already in the 1970s and 1980s new concepts of security emerged, such as cooperative security, comprehensive security, and environmental security, most prominently promoted by the Brandt, Palme, and Brundtland Commissions and their respective reports.1 Over the last decade a new notion has emerged, to receive world-wide attention: »human security.« However, what is meant by »human security« or what represents a human security policy is mostly unclear. This may come as no surprise given the fact that a commonly accepted definition (for academic purposes) or even a commonly accepted understanding of human security (for practical or political purposes) has yet to be worked out. The concept has been

I Human Security in Practice : Canadian and Japanese Experiences

I 人类安全实践：加拿大和日本的经验

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