The Variable and Changing Southern Ocean Silicate Front: Insights From the CESM Large Ensemble

The Variable and Changing Southern Ocean Silicate Front: Insights From the CESM Large Ensemble
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变化无常的南大洋硅酸盐锋面:来自 CESM 大型系统的见解

DOI:
10.1029/2017gb005816
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Maclennan, Michelle
Maclennan, Michelle
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Freeman, Natalie M.;Lovenduski, Nicole S.;Munro, David R.;Krumhardt, Kristen M.;Lindsay, Keith;Long, Matthew C.;Maclennan, Michelle

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南大洋硅酸盐锋(SF)的位置是物理循环,生物生产力和海洋地理学的关键指标,但由于缺乏随时间变化的营养观测,其在空间和时间上的变化目前还没有得到很好的理解。这项研究提供了SF的时空变化的第一个估计,定义使用社区地球系统模型(CESM)大环境(1920-2100)模拟的硅酸盐-硝酸盐(Si:N)比,及其对变化的南大洋的响应。硅:N = 1的纬度在很大程度上与硅酸盐的高梯度区域和南极极锋(PF)的观测位置相吻合,并作为沃茨的指标,具有足够的营养物质可供硅藻生长。在季节到年代际的时间尺度上,SF位置的变化主要取决于生物营养利用和南大洋测深。从1920年到2100年,在历史强迫和RCP8.5强迫下,纬向平均SF向极地移动了0.33 °纬度,PF或南极绕极流核心的模拟位置没有明显的移动。一个更向极地的SF主要是由表面硅酸盐和硝酸盐浓度的长期减少所驱动的,这是由于铁的可用性更高以及南大洋更温暖,更分层的结果。这些结果表明,脱钩的SF和PF的世纪结束时,与当地的海洋地理,全球温跃层营养循环,和古气候记录的深海沉积物的解释的影响。
The location of the Southern Ocean Silicate Front (SF) is a key indicator of physical circulation, biological productivity, and biogeography, but its variability in space and time is currently not well understood due to a lack of time‐varying nutrient observations. This study provides a first estimate of the spatiotemporal variability of the SF, defined using the silicate‐to‐nitrate (Si:N) ratio as simulated by the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble (1920–2100), and its response to a changing Southern Ocean. The latitude where Si:N = 1 largely coincides with regions of high gradients in silicate and the observed position of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) and serves as an indicator of waters with adequate nutrients available for diatom growth. On seasonal to interdecadal time scales, variability in the location of the SF is largely determined by biological nutrient utilization and Southern Ocean bathymetry, respectively. From 1920 to 2100, under historical and RCP8.5 forcing, the zonally averaged SF shifts poleward by ∼3° latitude, with no discernible shift in the position of the simulated location of the PF or the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. A more poleward SF is primarily driven by long‐term reductions in silicate and nitrate concentrations at the surface as a consequence of greater iron availability and a warmer, more stratified Southern Ocean. These results suggest a decoupling of the SF and PF by the end of the century, with implications for local biogeography, global thermocline nutrient cycling, and the interpretation of paleoclimate records from deep sea sediments.
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