1. Investigating the elasticity of meat consumption for climate mitigation: 4Rs for responsible meat use
1. Investigating the elasticity of meat consumption for climate mitigation: 4Rs for responsible meat use
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1. 调查肉类消费对减缓气候变化的弹性：负责任肉类使用的 4R 原则
DOI：
10.3920/978-90-8686-892-6_1
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
U. Wethal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Efstathiou;M. Korsnes;A. Møller Gabrielsen;T. Finstad;F. Giæver;C. Driessen;A. Hansen;U. Wethal
Tony Weis（2007）所描述的全球饮食的“肉食化”过程意味着肉类已经从“人类食物消费模式的边缘转移到中心”。“去饥饿化”，将肉类消费重新置于边缘地位，对于减少能源-谷物-牲畜系统所涉及的农业排放，以及对人类和动物福利以及全球正义的道德承诺做出回应都是可取的。但是，如何才能使食物消费“去肉类化”呢？本文探讨了肉类消费的认知、心理和道德维度。我们设计了一套干预措施，旨在测试挪威肉类消费的社会和道德“弹性”，从较低到更具侵入性，如下：（1）传播以下信息：（a）大规模肉类生产的气候和道德影响;（B）肉类消费和生产对消费者以及农场和屠宰场工人的身心健康影响;（2）基于经验的干预措施：（a）减少肉类消费或气候友好型肉类替代品的商业宣传点;（B）创造“现场”环境，促进动物、农场工人和生产系统作为道德代理人，例如通过体验小规模有机农业与大规模工业化农业，以及（3）为选定的消费者群体制定个人肉类配额。将使用对照实验和定性方法分析反应差异，并注意包括性别在内的人口统计学特征。在挪威，针对肉类消费“弹性”的去饥饿化政策更有可能在社会上发挥强大的作用。
What Tony Weis (2007) describes as the process of ‘meatification’ of global diets implies that meat has moved from the ‘periphery to the centre of human food consumption patterns’. ‘Demeatification’, putting meat consumption back to the periphery, is desirable both for reducing agricultural emissions implicated in the energy-grain-livestock system, and for responding to ethical commitments to human and animal welfare and to global justice. But what does it take to ‘demeatify’ food consumption? This paper investigates the cognitive, psychological and moral dimensions of meat consumption. We design a suite of interventions aimed to test the social and moral ‘elasticity’ of Norwegian meat consumption, scaled from less to more intrusive, as follows: (1) diffusion of information on: (a) climate and ethical impacts of large-scale meat production; (b) physical and mental health effects of meat consumption and production for consumers and for farm and abattoir workers; (2) experience-based interventions: (a) commercial propaganda spots for meat consumption reduction or climate-friendly meat alternatives; (b) creating ‘live’ situations facilitating facing animals, farm workers and production systems as moral agents, e.g. via experiencing low-scale organic farming vs large-scale industrial farming, and; (3) instituting a personal meat allowance for selected groups of consumers. Response variations will be analysed using control experimentation and qualitative methods, attending to demographic characteristics including gender. Demeatification policies responding to the ‘elasticity’ of meat consumption in Norway have a higher chance of being socially robust.