Relativistic Fluid Dynamics in and out of Equilibrium
Relativistic Fluid Dynamics in and out of Equilibrium
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DOI：
10.1017/9781108651998
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发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Romatschke;U. Romatschke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Romatschke;U. Romatschke
十年前，相对论粘性流体动力学在一个有效的场论框架中从第一性原理出发，完全基于对称性和长寿命自由度的知识。同年，相对论重离子碰撞实验中产生的物质的数值模拟首次可用，为QCD中的剪切粘度提供了约束。从那时起，这一领域取得了长足的进步。本文介绍了2017年非平衡流体动力学理论的现状，包括流体动力学梯度膨胀的发散、复苏、非平衡吸引子解、热波动的包含及其与微观理论的关系。综述了相对论性核碰撞流体动力学数值模拟的理论基础，以及现代模拟与核-核、核-质子和质子-质子碰撞实验数据的比较。
Ten years ago, relativistic viscous fluid dynamics was formulated from first principles in an effective field theory framework, based entirely on the knowledge of symmetries and long-lived degrees of freedom. In the same year, numerical simulations for the matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments became first available, providing constraints on the shear viscosity in QCD. The field has come a long way since then. We present the current status of the theory of non-equilibrium fluid dynamics in 2017, including the divergence of the fluid dynamic gradient expansion, resurgence, non-equilibrium attractor solutions, the inclusion of thermal fluctuations as well as their relation to microscopic theories. Furthermore, we review the theory basis for numerical fluid dynamics simulations of relativistic nuclear collisions, and comparison of modern simulations to experimental data for nucleus-nucleus, nucleus-proton and proton-proton collisions.