Quantitative in vivo measurement of gyrification in the human brain:: Changes associated with aging
Quantitative in vivo measurement of gyrification in the human brain:: Changes associated with aging
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/9.2.151
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Flaum, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Magnotta, VA;Andreasen, NC;Flaum, M
临床观察表明，衰老过程会影响脑回，随着年龄的增长，大脑出现更多的“萎缩”。对组织类型的实验研究表明，灰质体积随着年龄的增长而减少，而脑脊液则增加。然而，由于很难开发出一种分离毗邻回牙冠并打开脑沟的方法，因此尚未测量到脑沟和脑回形状等皮质表面特征的量化变化--这就是“埋藏皮质的问题”。我们描述了一种测量大脑表面特征的可靠和有效的定量方法。这种方法被用来确定萎缩和非萎缩大脑的脑回和脑沟特征，并在148名来自广泛年龄范围的正常人中检查随年龄增长而发生的变化。脑回和脑沟的形状随着时间的推移而发生显著变化，脑回变得更尖锐和陡峭的弯曲，而脑沟变得更平而不那么弯曲。皮质厚度也会随着时间的推移而减少。男性皮质变薄的速度比女性更快。这些变化的进展在中年期间似乎相对稳定，并在第四个十年期间的某个时候开始进展。对脑沟和脑回形状的测量可能有助于研究大脑成熟和老化过程中神经发育和神经退行性变化的机制。
Clinical observation suggests that the aging process affects gyrification, with the brain appearing more 'atrophic' with increasing age. Empirical studies of tissue type indicate that gray matter volume decreases with age while cerebrospinal fluid increases. Quantitative changes in cortical surface characteristics such as sulcal and gyral shape have not been measured, however, due to difficulties in developing a method that separates abutting gyral crowns and opens up the sulci - the 'problem of buried cortex'. We describe a quantitative method for measuring brain surface characteristics that is reliable and valid. This method is used to define the gyral and sulcal characteristics of atrophic and non-atrophic brains and to examine changes that occur with aging in a sample of 148 normal individuals from a broad age range. The shape of gyri and sulci change significantly over time, with the gyri becoming more sharply and steeply curved, while the sulci become more flattened and less curved. Cortical thickness also decreases over time. Cortical thinning progresses more rapidly in males than in females. The progression of these changes appears to be relatively stable during midlife and to begin to progress some time during the fourth decade. Measurements of sulcal and gyral shape may be useful in studying the mechanisms of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative changes that occur during brain maturation and aging.