Differential cognitive effects of energy drink ingredients: Caffeine, taurine, and glucose
Differential cognitive effects of energy drink ingredients: Caffeine, taurine, and glucose
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2012.07.004
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Kanarek, Robin B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giles, Grace E.;Mahoney, Caroline R.;Kanarek, Robin B.
含有咖啡因、牛磺酸和葡萄糖的能量饮料可以改善情绪和认知能力。然而，还没有研究评估这些成分的单独和相互作用的影响。我们评估了咖啡因、牛磺酸和葡萄糖单独和联合使用对24小时戒除咖啡因的习惯性咖啡因消费者的认知表现和情绪的影响。采用随机、双盲、混合设计，48名咖啡因习惯性消费者(18名男性，30名女性)在24小时内被剥夺咖啡因，接受四种治疗之一(200毫克咖啡因/0毫克牛磺酸，0毫克咖啡因/2000毫克牛磺酸，200毫克咖啡因/2000毫克牛磺酸，0毫克咖啡因/0毫克牛磺酸)，每四天一次，间隔3天。受试者之间的治疗是葡萄糖饮料(50g葡萄糖，安慰剂)。测量唾液皮质醇、情绪和心率。注意任务在治疗后30分钟进行，工作记忆和反应时间任务在治疗60分钟后进行。咖啡因增强了执行控制和工作记忆，减少了简单和选择性反应时间。牛磺酸增加了工作记忆任务中的选择反应时，但减少了反应时。单靠葡萄糖就可以减慢选择反应时间。葡萄糖与咖啡因相结合，增强物体工作记忆，与牛磺酸相结合，增强定向注意力。有限的葡萄糖效应可能反映了相对于受试者的认知能力，任务难度较低。咖啡因减少了疲劳感，增加了紧张和活力。牛磺酸逆转了咖啡因对活力和咖啡因戒断症状的影响。没有发现对唾液皮质醇或心率的影响。据报道，饮用能量饮料后认知能力的变化可能是咖啡因，而不是牛磺酸或葡萄糖造成的，特别是在咖啡因戒除的习惯性咖啡因消费者中。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Energy drinks containing caffeine, taurine, and glucose may improve mood and cognitive performance. However, there are no studies assessing the individual and interactive effects of these ingredients. We evaluated the effects of caffeine, taurine, and glucose alone and in combination on cognitive performance and mood in 24-hour caffeine-abstained habitual caffeine consumers. Using a randomized, double-blind, mixed design, 48 habitual caffeine consumers (18 male, 30 female) who were 24-hour caffeine deprived received one of four treatments (200 mg caffeine/0 mg taurine, 0 mg caffeine/2000 mg taurine, 200 mg caffeine/2000 mg taurine, 0 mg caffeine/0 mg taurine), on each of four separate days, separated by a 3-day wash-out period. Between-participants treatment was a glucose drink (50 g glucose, placebo). Salivary cortisol, mood and heart rate were measured. An attention task was administered 30-minutes post-treatment, followed by a working memory and reaction time task 60-minutes post-treatment. Caffeine enhanced executive control and working memory, and reduced simple and choice reaction time. Taurine increased choice reaction time but reduced reaction time in the working memory tasks. Glucose alone slowed choice reaction time. Glucose in combination with caffeine, enhanced object working memory and in combination with taurine, enhanced orienting attention. Limited glucose effects may reflect low task difficulty relative to subjects cognitive ability. Caffeine reduced feelings of fatigue and increased tension and vigor. Taurine reversed the effects of caffeine on vigor and caffeine-withdrawal symptoms. No effects were found for salivary cortisol or heart rate. Caffeine, not taurine or glucose, is likely responsible for reported changes in cognitive performance following consumption of energy drinks, especially in caffeine-withdrawn habitual caffeine consumers. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.