Neuronal competition: microcircuit mechanisms define the sparsity of the engram.
Neuronal competition: microcircuit mechanisms define the sparsity of the engram.
复制标题
神经元竞争：微电路机制定义了印迹的稀疏性。
DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2018.10.013
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Josselyn,SheenaA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rao-Ruiz,Priyanka;Yu,Julia;Kushner,StevenA;Josselyn,SheenaA
记忆表征的神经元集合（记忆痕迹）分布广泛。记忆痕迹的大小并不代表记忆强度（在突触水平编码）。神经元分配到记忆印迹是由内在兴奋性和局部微电路介导的。总之，这些互补的过程定义了区域痕迹的稀疏性。这些属性用于连接在时间上接近发生的事件。在计算建模中的大量工作已经突出了使用稀疏性的优点。然而，分布式数据表示和存储Kanerva（1998），扩展到神经元网络编码记忆信息（记忆痕迹或痕迹）的属性。虽然参与记忆印迹的神经元分布在多个大脑区域，但在每个区域内，记忆符号表示的细胞稀疏性似乎是相当固定的。虽然技术的进步，使重大进展，在识别和操纵的痕迹，相对较少的是已知的区域相关的微电路规则管理的细胞稀疏性的痕迹。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究，研究机制，帮助形状的记忆印迹架构，并研究这些过程如何可能调节记忆功能。我们推测，抵消力量在本地微电路有助于生成和维护的痕迹，并讨论新出现的问题，关于如何形成，存储和使用痕迹。
HighlightsNeuronal ensembles of mnemonic representations (engrams) are broadly distributed.Engram size does not encode memory strength (encoded at synapse level).Neuronal allocation to an engram is mediated by intrinsic excitability and local microcircuitry.Together, these complementary processes define regional engram sparsity.These properties serve to link events occurring close in time.Extensive work in computational modeling has highlighted the advantages for employing sparse yet distributed data representation and storage Kanerva (1998), properties that extend to neuronal networks encoding mnemonic information (memory traces or engrams). While neurons that participate in an engram are distributed across multiple brain regions, within each region, the cellular sparsity of the mnemonic representation appears to be quite fixed. Although technological advances have enabled significant progress in identifying and manipulating engrams, relatively little is known about the region-dependent microcircuit rules governing the cellular sparsity of an engram. Here we review recent studies examining the mechanisms that help shape engram architecture and examine how these processes may regulate memory function. We speculate that countervailing forces in local microcircuits contribute to the generation and maintenance of engrams and discuss emerging questions regarding how engrams are formed, stored and used.