Iron Distribution in the Subtropical North Atlantic: The Pivotal Role of Colloidal Iron

Iron Distribution in the Subtropical North Atlantic: The Pivotal Role of Colloidal Iron
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北大西洋亚热带铁的分布:胶体铁的关键作用

DOI:
10.1029/2019gb006326
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Kunde K
Kunde K
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kunde K

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海洋中必需微量营养素铁 (Fe) 的可用性较低,影响了生物碳泵的效率,因此阐明其来源、汇和内部循环至关重要。我们展示了 2017 年夏季北大西洋副热带地区 130 个表面样本和 7 个全深度剖面的尺寸分级溶解铁(dFe,<0.2 μm)测量结果,并证明了胶体(cFe,0.02 至 0.2 μm)相对于可溶性铁(sFe,<0.02 μm)在控制 dFe 分布方面的关键作用。在地表(<5 m),dFe 从西向东强烈下降(1.53 至 0.26 nM),这是由尘埃梯度驱动的,尘埃梯度使 dFe 主要保留为 cFe(dFe 的 61% 至 85%),而 sFe 基本保持恒定在 0.19 ± 0.05 nM。在透光区,dFe 的衰减是由于 cFe 的消耗(dFe 的 0% 至 30%)造成的,其中清除是一个重要的驱动因素。在中层,cFe 从下沉的生物和成岩颗粒中释放出来,在 400 至 1100 m 深度之间形成了一个 dFe 升高的区域(0.7 至 1.0 nM)。虽然海洋内部(中层以下和海底边界以上)的 cFe 含量范围较窄(dFe 的 40% 至 60%),但由于与海底沉积物和几乎 100% cFe 的热液源的相互作用,深海 cFe 分数在 26% 至 76% 范围内变化。总的来说,我们的结果产生了垂直 cFe 到 dFe 分数的沙漏形状,并强调了 cFe 对 dFe 分布的主要控制。
The low availability of the essential micronutrient iron (Fe) in the ocean impacts the efficiency of the biological carbon pump, and hence, it is vital to elucidate its sources, sinks, and internal cycling. We present size‐fractionated dissolved Fe (dFe, <0.2 μm) measurements from 130 surface samples and 7 full‐depth profiles from the subtropical North Atlantic during summer 2017 and demonstrate the pivotal role of colloidal (cFe, 0.02 to 0.2 μm) over soluble (sFe, <0.02 μm) Fe in controlling the dFe distribution. In the surface (<5 m), a strong west‐to‐east decrease in dFe (1.53 to 0.26 nM) was driven by a dust gradient, which retained dFe predominantly as cFe (61% to 85% of dFe), while sFe remained largely constant at 0.19 ± 0.05 nM. In the euphotic zone, the attenuation of dFe resulted from the depletion of cFe (0% to 30% of dFe), with scavenging as an important driver. In the mesopelagic, cFe was released from sinking biogenic and lithogenic particles, creating a zone of elevated dFe (0.7 to 1.0 nM) between 400 to 1100 m depth. While the ocean interior, below the mesopelagic and above the seafloor boundary, exhibited a narrow range of cFe (40% to 60% of dFe), the abyssal cFe fraction varied in range from 26% to 76% due to interactions with seafloor sediments and a hydrothermal source with almost 100% cFe. Overall, our results produced an hourglass shape for the vertical cFe‐to‐dFe fraction and highlight the primary control of cFe on the dFe distribution.
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