Plasmonic topological quasiparticle on the nanometre and femtosecond scales

Plasmonic topological quasiparticle on the nanometre and femtosecond scales
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-020-3030-1
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发表时间:
2020-12-24
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Petek, Hrvoje
Petek, Hrvoje
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dai, Yanan;Zhou, Zhikang;Petek, Hrvoje

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在经典和量子物理学的界面上,麦克斯韦和薛定谔方程描述了光场如何驱动和控制电子现象,以使光波电子学在太赫兹或拍赫兹频率和超小尺度上(1-5)。撞击金属的光的电场与电子相互作用并产生轻物质准粒子,如激子(6)或等离子体激元(7),在阿秒时间尺度上。在这里,我们创建和图像的拓扑等离子体自旋纹理的准粒子的结构银膜。线偏振光的自旋角动量分量与具有设计几何相位的阿基米德耦合结构相互作用,产生具有不同轨道角动量的等离子体波。这些等离子体场经历自旋-轨道相互作用,并且它们的叠加产生等离子体涡旋阵列。其中三个涡旋可以形成携带非平凡拓扑荷(8)的自旋纹理,类似于磁性梅子准粒子(9)。这些自旋纹理位于光的半波长内,并且存在于等离子体场的时间尺度上。我们使用超快非线性相干光电子显微镜产生的空间演化的涡旋场的阿秒视频;电磁模拟和分析理论证实了等离子体介子准粒子的存在。准粒子形成手征场,在纳米空间尺度和20飞秒时间尺度(“纳米-毫微微尺度”)上打破了时间反演对称性。这种非平凡自旋角动量拓扑的瞬时产生与量子物质中的宇宙结构产生和拓扑相变有关(10-12),并且可以在纳米-毫微微尺度上传播量子信息(13,14)。
At the interface of classical and quantum physics, the Maxwell and Schrodinger equations describe how optical fields drive and control electronic phenomena to enable lightwave electronics at terahertz or petahertz frequencies and on ultrasmall scales(1-5). The electric field of light striking a metal interacts with electrons and generates light-matter quasiparticles, such as excitons(6) or plasmons(7), on an attosecond timescale. Here we create and image a quasiparticle of topological plasmonic spin texture in a structured silver film. The spin angular momentum components of linearly polarized light interacting with an Archimedean coupling structure with a designed geometric phase generate plasmonic waves with different orbital angular momenta. These plasmonic fields undergo spin-orbit interaction and their superposition generates an array of plasmonic vortices. Three of these vortices can form spin textures that carry non-trivial topological charge(8) resembling magnetic meron quasiparticles(9). These spin textures are localized within a half-wavelength of light, and exist on the timescale of the plasmonic field. We use ultrafast nonlinear coherent photoelectron microscopy to generate attosecond videos of the spatial evolution of the vortex fields; electromagnetic simulations and analytic theory confirm the presence of plasmonic meron quasiparticles. The quasiparticles form a chiral field, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry on a nanometre spatial scale and a 20-femtosecond timescale (the 'nano-femto scale'). This transient creation of non-trivial spin angular momentum topology pertains to cosmological structure creation and topological phase transitions in quantum matter(10-12), and may transduce quantum information on the nano-femto scale(13,14).