Responsible computers? A case for ascribing quasi-responsibility to computers independent of personhood or agency
Responsible computers? A case for ascribing quasi-responsibility to computers independent of personhood or agency
复制标题
负责任的计算机？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
B. Stahl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Stahl
关于计算机是否有责任，一直有很多争论。这个问题通常是从人格和个人特征的角度来讨论的，计算机可能拥有也可能不拥有。如果一台计算机满足了代理或人格所需的条件，那么它就可以负责;否则就不负责。本文提出了一种不同的方法。对责任概念的分析表明，它是一种社会归属结构，只有在特定的社会背景下才可行，并为特定的社会目标服务。如果这是责任的主要方面，那么计算机是否能够负责的问题就不再取决于代理的困难问题，而是取决于可能更简单的问题，即赋予计算机的责任是否能够实现社会目标。建议的解决方案的问题，计算机是否可以成为责任主体是引入一个新的概念，所谓的“准责任”，这将强调责任归属的社会目标，并可以适用于计算机。
There has been much debate whether computers can be responsible. This question is usually discussed in terms of personhood and personal characteristics, which a computer may or may not possess. If a computer fulfils the conditions required for agency or personhood, then it can be responsible; otherwise not. This paper suggests a different approach. An analysis of the concept of responsibility shows that it is a social construct of ascription which is only viable in certain social contexts and which serves particular social aims. If this is the main aspect of responsibility then the question whether computers can be responsible no longer hinges on the difficult problem of agency but on the possibly simpler question whether responsibility ascriptions to computers can fulfil social goals. The suggested solution to the question whether computers can be subjects of responsibility is the introduction of a new concept, called “quasi-responsibility” which will emphasise the social aim of responsibility ascription and which can be applied to computers.