HYDROCLIMATIC VARIABILITY IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
HYDROCLIMATIC VARIABILITY IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb01471.x
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发表时间：
1991-10
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
D. Changnon;T. Mckee;N. Doesken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Changnon;T. Mckee;N. Doesken
在1951-1985年期间，对落基山脉中部和北方（科罗拉多、爱达荷州、蒙大拿州、犹他州和怀俄明州）水文气候要素的空间和时间变异性进行了研究。研究的三个水文气候要素是总水年（10月1日至9月30日）流量（ST），冬季（10月1日至3月31日）累积降水量（PR）和4月1日积雪（SN）。14个处女流域的分析表明，在SN，PR和ST的时间变异性的广泛的空间djffeetry，这些被发现主要是由于盆地暴露于潮湿的空气流。较稳定（低变异性）的盆地是那些暴露于盛行的偏北向西风流，而不稳定（高变异性）的盆地暴露于偶尔西南向东南潮湿流。积雪是14个流域中的11个流域的ST的更好的指标，解释了37%至87%的ST方差。基于整个研究区域的所有SN和PR数据，对空间变异性进行了分析，发现了11个离散的气候区域。SN和PR表现出稳定和不稳定的时间变异性的相干区域。稳定区和不稳定区之间的平均变率相差两个因子，这种差异最好用山区屏障暴露于潮湿气流来解释。
: The spatial and temporal variability of hydroclimatic elements were investigated in the central and northern Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming) during the 1951–1985 period. The three hydroclimatic elements studied were total water-year (October 1-September 30) streamflow (ST), winter (October 1-March 31) accumulated precipitation (PR), and April 1 snowpack (SN). An analysis of 14 virgin watersheds showed wide spatial djfferences in the temporal variability of SN, PR, and ST, and these were found to be caused largely by basin exposure to moist air flows. The more stable (low variability) basins were those exposed to prevailing northerly to westerly flow, while unstable (high variability) basins were exposed to occasional southwesterly to southeasterly moist flow. Snowpack was the better indicator of ST in 11 of the 14 watersheds, explaining 37 to 87 percent of the ST variance. Analysis of the spatial variability, based on all SN and PR data from across the study area, revealed 11 discrete climatic regions. Both SN and PR exhibited coherent regions of stable and unstable temporal variability. The average variability between stable and unstable regions differed by a factor of two, and the differences were best explained by the exposure of the mountain barrier to moist air flows.