Mutualistic ants and parasitoid communities associated with a facultative myrmecophilous lycaenid, Arhopala japonica , and the effects of ant attendance on the avoidance of parasitism
Mutualistic ants and parasitoid communities associated with a facultative myrmecophilous lycaenid, Arhopala japonica , and the effects of ant attendance on the avoidance of parasitism
复制标题
与兼性嗜蚁蚁（Arhopala japonica）相关的互惠蚂蚁和拟寄生物群落，以及蚂蚁的参与对避免寄生的影响
DOI：
10.1111/ens.12417
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Ohshima Issei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakabayashi Yui;Mochioka Yukari;Tokuda Makoto;Ohshima Issei
植食性昆虫已经进化出各种防御策略来避免它们的主要敌人，寄生虫。灰蝶科（Lycaenidae）的许多物种在幼虫阶段与蚂蚁有食物保护互惠关系，幼虫为蚂蚁生产花蜜，而蚂蚁则排除寄生虫和捕食者。根据蚁媒关系的程度，蚁媒关系分为两类：专性关系和兼性关系。虽然攻击专性灰蝶的寄生蜂总是遇到灰蝶特有的蚂蚁物种，但使用兼性灰蝶的寄生蜂可能会遇到表现出各种防御系统的不同蚂蚁物种。然而，我们对兼性灰蝶幼虫的寄生蜂群落知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了互惠蚂蚁和寄生虫群落的兼性myrmecophilous种，日本Arhopala，在7个地方在日本。本次野外观察新记录到4种蚂蚁。japonicalarthritis，结合以往资料，共发现蚂蚁16种，接近于已报道的蚁媒灰蝶类中最多的蚂蚁种类。然而，目前的研究表明，几乎所有的寄生A.日本竹节虫被单一的茧蜂科种Cotesiasp.近感应的在实验室条件下，我们还评估了兼性蚂蚁对该寄生蜂的防御效率，并揭示了Cotesiasp的产卵。nearinduction females几乎完全受阻，当A.日本幼虫有蚂蚁出没。这说明优势寄生蜂不具备克服蚂蚁防御行为的有效特征，雌蜂产卵主要集中在A. japonicalarthritis没有密集的出席。
Herbivorous insects have evolved various defensive strategies to avoid their primary enemies, parasitoids. Many species of Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) have food‐for‐protection mutualism with ants in their larval stages, where larvae produce nectar for ants and in return ants exclude parasitoids as well as predators. Myrmecophilous relationships are divided into two categories, obligate and facultative, by degrees of myrmecophily. Although parasitoids attacking obligate lycaenids always encounter lycaenid‐specific ant species, parasitoids that use facultative lycaenids are likely to encounter diverse ant species showing various defense systems. However, we know little about the parasitoid community of facultative lycaenid larvae. In this study, we investigated the mutualistic ant and parasitoid communities of a facultative myrmecophilous species,Arhopala japonica, in seven localities in Japan. The present field observation newly recorded four ant species attendingA. japonicalarvae, and combined with the previous data, the number of attending ant species reached 16, which is nearly the maximum number of reported attending ant species among myrmecophilous lycaenids. However, the present study revealed that almost all parasitizedA. japonicalarvae were attacked by a single braconid species,Cotesiasp. nearinducta. We also assessed the efficiency of facultative ant defense against the parasitoid in the laboratory and revealed that oviposition byCotesiasp. nearinductafemales was almost completely hindered whenA. japonicalarvae were attended by ants. This suggests that the dominant parasitoid does not have effective traits to overcome defensive behavior of ants and that the female wasps oviposit mainly inA. japonicalarvae without intensive attendance.