How Do International Institutions Matter? The Domestic Impact of International Rules and Norms
How Do International Institutions Matter? The Domestic Impact of International Rules and Norms
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国际机构有何作用？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James W. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andrew P. Cortell;James W. Davis
一般来说，国际关系学者试图通过将国际规则或规范的因果意义定位在国家互动层面来证明其对国家行为的影响。然而，国际规则和规范也会通过国内政治行为体的行为影响一个国家的政策选择。特别是，政府官员和社会利益集团可以诉诸国际规则或规范，以努力在国家舞台上推进其目标。通过这种呼吁，国际规则和规范可以纳入政策辩论，并在某些情况下可能最终影响国家的政策选择。本文确定了两个因素，决定了行为体对国际规则或规范的诉求对国家行为的影响程度：国内结构背景和国际规则或规范的国内显著性。这一论点是通过对国际规则和规范如何影响美国在经济和安全领域的政策选择的研究来探讨的。这一安全案件考察了布什总统呼吁以集体安全准则为理由对伊拉克入侵科威特作出反应的影响。经济案件包括美国半导体行业努力说服里根政府，使日本在半导体设备方面的贸易惯例自由化。
Generally, scholars of international relations have attempted to show that international rules or norms influence state behavior by locating their causal significance at the level of state interactions. However, international rules and norms also affect a country's policy choice by way of the actions of domestic political actors. In particular, government officials and societal interest groups can appeal to an international rule or norm in an effort to further their objectives in the national arena. Through such appeals, international rules and norms can become incorporated into the policy debate, and, under some conditions, may ultimately affect national policy choice. The article identifies two factors that condition the extent to which an actor's appeal to an international rule or norm will influence state behavior: the domestic structural context and the domestic salience of the international rule or norm. This argument is explored through an examination of how international rules and norms have affected U.S. policy choices in both the economic and security realms. The security case examines the impact of President Bush's appeal to the norm of collective security to justify a response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The economic case covers the U.S. semiconductor industry's efforts to persuade the Reagan administration to obtain Japanese liberalization of its trade practices with regard to semiconductor devices.