Diversity in riverine metacommunities: a network perspective
Diversity in riverine metacommunities: a network perspective
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DOI：
10.1007/s10452-013-9450-3
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Altermatt, Florian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altermatt, Florian
空间过程对多样性和群落动态的影响在生态学中得到普遍认识，也适用于涉及森林和草地生态系统的保护项目。然而，长期以来，人们一直从局部或线性的角度来看待河流生态系统，尽管河流网络的树形分支是普遍存在的。河流网络（所谓的树突状网络）不仅以等级的方式构成，而且树突状景观结构和物理流动往往决定了分散的距离和方向。理论模型表明，特定的河网结构直接影响多样性格局。最近的实验和比较数据支持这一观点。在这里，我介绍了一些理论发现，这些发现表明，与线性或二维晶格景观相比，树突状系统中的遗传多样性、杂合性和物种丰富度更高。从网络的角度解释特征多样性模式，也为更好地理解和保护河流多样性提供了通用指标。我展示了描述网络中心性和扩散距离的适当度量如何优于仍在水生生态学中应用的经典度量，如斯特拉勒阶或欧几里得距离。最后，指出了知识缺口和未来的研究方向。本文采用的网络视角有助于概括河流生物多样性研究成果，并可应用于河流保护和修复项目。
The influence of spatial processes on diversity and community dynamics is generally recognized in ecology and also applied to conservation projects involving forest and grassland ecosystems. Riverine ecosystems, however, have been for a long time viewed from a local or linear perspective, even though the treelike branching of river networks is universal. River networks (so-called dendritic networks) are not only structured in a hierarchic way, but the dendritic landscape structure and physical flows often dictate distance and directionality of dispersal. Theoretical models suggest that the specific riverine network structure directly affects diversity patterns. Recent experimental and comparative data are supporting this idea. Here, I provide an introduction on theoretical findings suggesting that genetic diversity, heterozygosity and species richness are higher in dendritic systems compared to linear or two-dimensional lattice landscapes. The characteristic diversity patterns can be explained in a network perspective, which also offers universal metrics to better understand and protect riverine diversity. I show how appropriate metrics describing network centrality and dispersal distances are superior to classic measures still applied in aquatic ecology, such as Strahler order or Euclidian distance. Finally, knowledge gaps and future directions of research are identified. The network perspective employed here may help to generalize findings on riverine biodiversity research and can be applied to conservation and river restoration projects.