Testing Scalable Bell Inequalities for Quantum Graph States on IBM Quantum Devices
Testing Scalable Bell Inequalities for Quantum Graph States on IBM Quantum Devices
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DOI：
10.1109/jetcas.2022.3201730
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发表时间：
2022-09-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Hiraishi, Hidefumi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Bo;Raymond, Rudy;Hiraishi, Hidefumi
测试和验证不完美的多量子比特量子设备是很重要的，因为这种有噪声的量子设备在今天是广泛可用的。贝尔不等式是一种有效的方法，可以从量子器件的非局域量子态和局域测量来检验和验证量子器件的质量。已经有许多实验证明了贝尔不等式的违反，但它们受到量子比特数量和量子态类型的限制。基于Baccari等人提出的图状态最大违反的可扩展和鲁棒不等式，我们报告了IBM Quantum设备上Bell不等式的违反。违反分别从65量子比特和两个27量子比特IBM Quantum设备上的路径图的量子状态获得，分别为57和21量子比特，并且从那些星星图到11个量子比特，具有量子读出误差减轻（QREM）。我们能够通过构造低深度量子电路和应用QREM技术来证明各种图态上的不等式的违反。我们还指出，大小为N的星星图态的量子电路可以用深度为O（根N）的电路在细分的蜂窝晶格上实现，这是65量子比特IBM Quantum器件的拓扑结构。我们的实验显示了令人鼓舞的结果，现有的量子设备的能力，准备纠缠量子态，并提供实验证据的好处，可扩展的贝尔不等式测试它们。
Testing and verifying imperfect multi-qubit quantum devices are important as such noisy quantum devices are widely available today. Bell inequalities are known to be useful for testing and verifying the quality of the quantum devices from their nonlocal quantum states and local measurements. There have been many experiments demonstrating the violations of Bell inequalities, but they are limited in the number of qubits and the types of quantum states. We report violations of Bell inequalities on IBM Quantum devices based on the scalable and robust inequalities maximally violated by graph states as proposed by Baccari et aL. The violations are obtained from the quantum states of path graphs up to 57 and 21 qubits on a 65-qubit and two 27-qubit IBM Quantum devices, respectively, and from those of star graphs up to 11 qubits with quantum readout error mitigation (QREM). We are able to show violations of the inequalities on various graph states by constructing low-depth quantum circuits and by applying the QREM technique. We also point out that quantum circuits for star graph states of size N can he realized with circuits of depth O(root N) on subdivided honeycomb lattices which are the topology of the 65-qubit IBM Quantum device. Our experiments show encouraging results on the ability of existing quantum devices to prepare entangled quantum states and provide experimental evidence on the benefit of scalable Bell inequalities for testing them.