Eukaryotic opportunists dominate the deep-subsurface biosphere in South Africa.
Eukaryotic opportunists dominate the deep-subsurface biosphere in South Africa.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms9952
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发表时间：
2015-11-24
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Van Heerden E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borgonie G;Linage-Alvarez B;Ojo AO;Mundle SO;Freese LB;Van Rooyen C;Kuloyo O;Albertyn J;Pohl C;Cason ED;Vermeulen J;Pienaar C;Litthauer D;Van Niekerk H;Van Eeden J;Sherwood Lollar B;Onstott TC;Van Heerden E
随着在地下深处发现第一个真核生物，人们对了解生活在这些极端环境中的真核生物的多样性产生了浓厚的兴趣。我们发现，扁形动物、轮虫、环节动物和节肢动物在南非矿井中距今 12,300 年的古气象裂隙水中 1.4 公里深处繁衍生息。原生动物和真菌也已被鉴定；然而，它们的数量很少。不同物种的特征表明，许多物种都是机会性生物，其起源是地表水的补给而不是土壤淋滤。这是第一项使用视频记录证明生物膜在裂隙岩面上原位分布的已知研究。计算表明，食物而不是溶解氧是真核种群增长的限制因素。地下真核生物群的发现对于在太阳系其他行星上寻找生命具有重要意义。 深部地下矿山的多样性程度尚未得到充分记录。在这里，博尔戈尼等人。报告在地下 1.4 公里处发现了原生动物、真菌、扁形动物、轮虫、环节动物和节肢动物，并得出结论，它们的种群增长受到食物而不是氧气供应的限制。
Following the discovery of the first Eukarya in the deep subsurface, intense interest has developed to understand the diversity of eukaryotes living in these extreme environments. We identified that Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida and Arthropoda are thriving at 1.4 km depths in palaeometeoric fissure water up to 12,300 yr old in South African mines. Protozoa and Fungi have also been identified; however, they are present in low numbers. Characterization of the different species reveals that many are opportunistic organisms with an origin due to recharge from surface waters rather than soil leaching. This is the first known study to demonstrate the in situ distribution of biofilms on fissure rock faces using video documentation. Calculations suggest that food, not dissolved oxygen is the limiting factor for eukaryal population growth. The discovery of a group of Eukarya underground has important implications for the search for life on other planets in our solar system. The extent of diversity in deep subsurface mines is not well documented. Here, Borgonie et al. report the discovery of Protozoa, Fungi, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida and Arthropoda from 1.4 km below ground, and conclude that their population growth is limited by food rather than oxygen availability.