Downscaling pollen-transport networks to the level of individuals.
Downscaling pollen-transport networks to the level of individuals.
复制标题
将花粉传输网络缩小到个体水平。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.12130
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Traveset
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cristina Tur;Beatriz Vigalondo;Kristian Trøjelsgaard;J. Olesen;A. Traveset
大多数植物-传粉者网络研究是在物种水平上进行的，而对个体水平上的网络模式知之甚少。事实上，在传统的基于物种的交互网络中，节点是个体的集合体，它们建立了在自然界中观察到的实际联系。因此，交互网络的涌现特性可能是在个体水平上起作用的机制的结果。研究了两个山地群落访花昆虫携带的花粉量，以构建花粉运输网络。第一次，这些社区范围内的花粉运输网络从种-种（SP-SP）到个体-种（I-SP），以探索专业化，网络模式和生态位变化在两个相互作用的水平。我们使用了一个空模型的方法来解释网络大小的差异固有的降尺度过程。具体而言，我们的目标是（i）调查网络结构是否随尺度缩小而变化，（ii）评估花粉使用中个体专业化的发生率和幅度，以及（iii）确定影响个体专业化程度的潜在生态因素。网络降尺度揭示了传粉者个体的高度专业化，这在sp-sp网络中被掩盖和未被探索。在i-sp网络中，每个节点的平均相互作用数、连接度、相互作用多样性和嵌套度都有所下降，这是因为广义传粉者由专门化的和特异性的同种个体组成。对两个群落的21种传粉昆虫的花粉资源生态位分析表明，平均个体花粉资源生态位仅为c。占总物种生态位的46%。个体专化程度与种间和种内花粉利用重叠有关，丰富种的专化程度高于稀有种。这种生态位异质性取决于个体觅食行为的差异，并可能对群落动态和物种稳定性产生影响。我们的研究结果强调了在研究交互网络等高阶结构时考虑个体间差异的重要性。我们认为，探索基于个体的网络将提高我们对基于物种的网络的理解，并将加强网络分析，觅食理论和进化生物学之间的联系。
Most plant-pollinator network studies are conducted at species level, whereas little is known about network patterns at the individual level. In fact, nodes in traditional species-based interaction networks are aggregates of individuals establishing the actual links observed in nature. Thus, emergent properties of interaction networks might be the result of mechanisms acting at the individual level. Pollen loads carried by insect flower visitors from two mountain communities were studied to construct pollen-transport networks. For the first time, these community-wide pollen-transport networks were downscaled from species-species (sp-sp) to individuals-species (i-sp) in order to explore specialization, network patterns and niche variation at both interacting levels. We used a null model approach to account for network size differences inherent to the downscaling process. Specifically, our objectives were (i) to investigate whether network structure changes with downscaling, (ii) to evaluate the incidence and magnitude of individual specialization in pollen use and (iii) to identify potential ecological factors influencing the observed degree of individual specialization. Network downscaling revealed a high specialization of pollinator individuals, which was masked and unexplored in sp-sp networks. The average number of interactions per node, connectance, interaction diversity and degree of nestedness decreased in i-sp networks, because generalized pollinator species were composed of specialized and idiosyncratic conspecific individuals. An analysis with 21 pollinator species representative of two communities showed that mean individual pollen resource niche was only c. 46% of the total species niche. The degree of individual specialization was associated with inter- and intraspecific overlap in pollen use, and it was higher for abundant than for rare species. Such niche heterogeneity depends on individual differences in foraging behaviour and likely has implications for community dynamics and species stability. Our findings highlight the importance of taking interindividual variation into account when studying higher-order structures such as interaction networks. We argue that exploring individual-based networks will improve our understanding of species-based networks and will enhance the link between network analysis, foraging theory and evolutionary biology.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Dall SR;Bell AM;Bolnick DI;Ratnieks FL
通讯作者：
Ratnieks FL