Neoliberal Ideology and Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants: Evidence from a Survey and Survey Experiment in Japan
Neoliberal Ideology and Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants: Evidence from a Survey and Survey Experiment in Japan
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新自由主义意识形态和对移民的消极态度：来自日本调查和调查实验的证据
DOI：
10.1111/jasp.12916
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Akira Igarashi and Yoshikuni Ono
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cleo Anne A. Calimbahin;Yuko Kasuya;and Hirofumi Miwa;森川輝一;Akiyama Nobumasa;千葉眞;秋山信将;Akira Igarashi and Yoshikuni Ono;武田宏子;森 聡;Akira Igarashi and Yoshikuni Ono
现有的研究强调，新自由主义引发了反移民态度。在国家层面上，这归因于两个依赖于背景的机制：激进右翼政党的存在，将亲市场意识形态与专制的社会保守主义相结合，以及种族和种族异质性环境，其中移民被过度识别为福利接受者。然而，这些协会可能不是上下文依赖的，因为大多数人倾向于分享移民作为无能和福利依赖的刻板印象。为了验证这一点，我们使用了日本的案例，在那里，激进右翼政党的存在在国家政治中处于边缘地位，移民的规模相当小。通过对代表性调查数据的分析，我们发现新自由主义与反移民态度有关，即使在日本也是如此。此外，我们还进行了一项调查实验，在实验中，我们改变了移民的技能水平和原籍国。结果显示，拥护新自由主义意识形态的受访者对移民的技能水平更敏感。这些受访者强烈反对低技能移民，支持高技能移民。他们还反对某些民族群体的移民-中国移民。这些结果表明，新自由主义和反移民态度之间的关联不一定是上下文相关的，而是对移民的刻板印象促进了这种关联。
Existing research has emphasized that neoliberalism triggers anti‐immigrant attitudes. At the national level, this has been attributed to two context‐dependent mechanisms: the existence of radical right‐wing political parties that combine pro‐market ideology with authoritarian social conservatism, and an ethnically and racially heterogeneous environment in which immigrants are over‐identified as welfare recipients. However, these associations may not be context‐dependent because the majority of people tends to share the stereotype of immigrants as incompetent and welfare‐dependent. To test this, we used the case of Japan, where the presence of radical right‐wing parties is marginal in national politics and the size of immigrants is considerably small. By analyzing representative survey data, we showed that neoliberalism is associated with anti‐immigrant attitudes, even in Japan. Furthermore, we conducted a survey experiment in which we varied the skill level and country of origin of immigrants in vignettes. The results showed that respondents who espoused the neoliberal ideology were more sensitive to the skill level of immigrants. These respondents strongly opposed low‐skilled immigrants and in favor of high‐skilled immigrants. They were also opposed to the immigration of certain ethinic groups—Chinese immigrants. These results suggest that the association between neoliberalism and anti‐immigrant attitudes is not necessarily context‐dependent, but rather that stereotypes about immigrants facilitate the association.