Priors
Priors
复制标题
先验者
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shaun Nichols
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shaun Nichols
人们似乎期望规则将基于行为而不是基于结果。例如，当人们学习一条新规则时，在给出最少证据的情况下，他们倾向于认为该规则禁止人们产生某种后果，而不是该规则规定应将这种后果最小化。一种解释是，人们有一种天生的偏见，认为规则是基于行为的。本章提出了另一种经验主义建议。对规则基于行为的期望可以被解释为先验，而先验本身就是早期学习的结果。特别是，考虑到人们学到的大多数规则都是基于行为的规则，基于行为的规则的先验可能是通过过度假设构建的过程获得的。
People seem to expect that rules will be act-based rather than consequence-based. For instance, when people learn a new rule, given minimal evidence, they tend to think that the rule prohibits people from producing a certain consequence, rather than that the rule dictates that such a consequence should be minimized. One explanation is that people have an innate bias to think rules are act-based. This chapter suggests an alternative empiricist proposal. The expectation that rules will be act-based might be explained as a prior that is itself the result of earlier learning. In particular, given that most rules that people have learned are act-based rules, the prior for act-based rules might be acquired through a process of overhypothesis construction.