Lymphatic System in Organ Development, Function, and Regeneration.
Lymphatic System in Organ Development, Function, and Regeneration.
复制标题
淋巴系统在器官发育、功能和再生中的作用。
DOI：
10.1161/circresaha.123.322867
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
20.1
通讯作者：
Trivedi,ChinmayM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janardhan,HarishP;Jung,Roy;Trivedi,ChinmayM
在文艺复兴时期，人们认识到心脏是循环系统的中心器官，这推动了人们对淋巴系统的认识。值得注意的是，Gaspare Aselli和Fabrice de Peiresc分别报道了狗和人类的独立循环系统albae aut lacteae（携带乳白色液体的白色乳管）。1,5与此相一致的是，Pecquet6描述了乳管将乳白色液体输送到乳糜池（淋巴的储库），即胸白静脉（胸导管）的腹部起源，Bartolomeo Eustachi报道了胸白静脉在左侧锁骨下静脉和左侧颈内静脉的交汇处进入静脉系统。在17世纪，Ruysch8在淋巴管中发现了多个半月瓣和人体淋巴流动的方向。保罗·马斯卡尼解剖了300多具尸体，将汞注入淋巴管，在1787年出版的《人类历史与技术》一书中，他一丝不苟地描绘了整个人类淋巴管网络。大约在同一时期，威廉·亨特·克鲁克尚在《人体吸收血管的解剖》中将淋巴系统描述为一个伟大而普遍的系统，它吸收全身的液体。19世纪，von Recklinghausen11将淋巴毛细血管的吻合网络描述为单层内皮细胞，缺乏与毛细血管的沟通。与此一致的是，Starling12发现动脉和静脉毛细血管壁的流体静压和胶体渗透压之间的平衡调节了循环血浆的过滤，从而产生细胞外淋巴。Comparini和Bastianini13根据淋巴管壁的形态和肌肉成分，将淋巴管分为淋巴毛细血管、前收集淋巴管和收集淋巴管。除了解剖和形态学特征外，这些研究还确定了中枢淋巴系统在人体免疫防御病原体中的功能需求，以及体液平衡
During the Renaissance period, recognition of the heart as the central organ of the circulatory system propelled the understanding of the lymphatic system. Notably, Gaspare Aselli and Fabrice de Peiresc reported venae albae aut lacteae (white lacteals carrying milky fluid) as an independent circulatory system in dogs and humans, respectively. 1, 5 Consistent with this, Pecquet6 characterized that lacteals transport milky fluid into the cisterna chyli (the reservoir of the lymph), the abdominal origin of vena alba thoracis (the thoracic duct), and Bartolomeo Eustachi reported that vena alba thoracis ends into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins. 7 In the 17th century, Ruysch8 identified multiple semilunar valves within the lymphatic vessels and the direction of lymph flow in humans. Dissecting over 300 corpses injected with mercury into lymphatic vessels, Paolo Mascagni meticulously characterized the entire human lymphatic network in Vasorum lymphaticorum corporis humani historia et ichnographia, published in 1787. 9 Around the same time, William Hunter, Cruikshank10 described the lymphatic system as one great and general system that absorbs fluid all over the body, depicted in The Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body. In the 19th century, von Recklinghausen11 characterized an anastomosing network of lymphatic capillaries as a single layer of endothelial cells lacking communication with blood capillaries. Consistent with this, Starling12 identified that the balance between hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures across arterial and venous capillary walls regulates the filtration of circulating blood plasma, thus generating extracellular lymph. Based on morphology and muscular elements of the lymphatic vessel wall, Comparini and Bastianini13 classified lymphatic vessels into lymphatic capillaries, precollecting lymphatic vessels, and collecting lymphatic vessels. In addition to anatomic and morphological characterization, these studies identified the functional requirement of the central lymphatic system in the body’s immune defense against pathogens, the fluid homeostasis in