Behavioural changes controlled by catecholaminergic systems explain recurrent loss of pigmentation in cavefish
Behavioural changes controlled by catecholaminergic systems explain recurrent loss of pigmentation in cavefish
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.0243
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发表时间：
2018-05-16
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Jeffery, William R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bilandzija, Helena;Abraham, Lindsey;Jeffery, William R.
多个洞穴种群的硬骨鱼Astyanax mexicanus在适应黑暗洞穴的过程中反复减少或失去眼睛和身体的色素沉着。白化病，即完全没有黑色素沉着，是由oca 2基因的功能缺失突变控制的。该突变伴随着黑色素合成前体L-酪氨酸的增加，L-酪氨酸也是儿茶酚胺合成的前体。在这项研究中，我们显示了色素沉着损失，增强儿茶酚胺合成和麻醉反应之间的关系，确定作为代理儿茶酚胺相关的行为。V'表明，麻醉抵抗力（AR）在多种脱色和白化病洞穴鱼（CF）中增强，与色素沉着丧失的程度成反比，由oca 2基因控制，并且可以通过L-酪氨酸或猫-胆碱去甲肾上腺素（NE）的实验操作来调节。此外，NE是增加在大脑的多发性白化病和脱色CF相对于表面鱼。这些结果为色素修饰的进化提供了新的见解，因为NE控制着一套类似于AR的适应行为，这可能代表了自然选择的目标。因此，了解色素沉着和AR损失之间的关系，可以提供洞察自然选择的作用，白化病的进化，通过黑色素，儿茶酚胺权衡。
Multiple cave populations of the teleost Astyanax mexicanus have repeatedly reduced or lost eye and body pigmentation during adaptation to dark caves. Albinism, the complete absence of melanin pigmentation, is controlled by oss-of-function mutations in the oca2 gene. The mutation is accompanied by an increase in the melanin synthesis precursor L-tyrosine, which is also a precursor for catecholamine synthesis. In this study, we show a relationship between pigmentation loss, enhanced catecholamine synthesis and responsiveness to anaesthesia, determined as a proxy for catecholamine-related behaviours. V' demonstrate that anaesthesia resistance (AR) is enhanced in multiple depigmented and albino cavefish (CF), inversely proportional to the degree of pigmentation loss, controlled by the oca2 gene, and can be modulated by experimental manipulations of L-tyrosine or the cat-echolamine norepinephrine (NE). Moreover, NE is increased in the brains f multiple albino and depigmented CF relative to surface fish. The results provide new insights into the evolution of pigment modification because NE controls a suite of adaptive behaviours similar to AR that may represent a target of natural selection. Thus, understanding the relationship between loss of pigmentation and AR may provide insight into the role of natural selection in the evolution of albinism via a melanin-catecholamine trade-off.