SPECIES SELECTION AND THE MACROEVOLUTION OF CORAL COLONIALITY AND PHOTOSYMBIOSIS
SPECIES SELECTION AND THE MACROEVOLUTION OF CORAL COLONIALITY AND PHOTOSYMBIOSIS
复制标题
珊瑚群落和光共生的物种选择和宏观进化
DOI：
10.1111/evo.12083
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Simpson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Simpson
具有变异性状的物种的相对多样化率的差异被称为物种选择。物种选择可以通过随时间改变拥有每种特征的物种的相对数量来产生特征频率的宏观进化变化。但物种选择并不是改变性状频率的唯一过程，物种内性状的系统微进化和物种间的系统发育性状进化也是如此，微进化的克里思和方式也会改变性状频率。物种选择、系统发育和系统发育过程都可以促成大规模的趋势，相互加强或抵消。当涉及多个共变性状时，宏观进化过程之间甚至可能存在更复杂的相互作用。在这里，我提出了一个多层次的宏观进化框架，这是有用的理解宏观进化过程如何相互作用。它对于使用化石、分子生物学或两者的经验研究是有用的。我说明的框架与宏观进化的殖民性和光共生在石珊瑚使用时间校准的分子生物学。我发现，在殖民性和光共生的常设系统发育变异偏转的方向，从物种选择的载体宏观进化。这些特征的变化限制了物种的选择，并导致了2亿年的宏观进化平衡。
Differences in the relative diversification rates of species with variant traits are known as species selection. Species selection can produce a macroevolutionary change in the frequencies of traits by changing the relative number of species possessing each trait over time. But species selection is not the only process that can change the frequencies of traits, phyletic microevolution of traits within species and phylogenetic trait evolution among species, the tempo and mode of microevolution can also change trait frequencies. Species selection, phylogenetic, and phyletic processes can all contribute to large-scale trends, reinforcing or canceling each other out. Even more complex interactions among macroevolutionary processes are possible when multiple covarying traits are involved. Here I present a multilevel macroevolutionary framework that is useful for understanding how macroevolutionary processes interact. It is useful for empirical studies using fossils, molecular phylogenies, or both. I illustrate the framework with the macroevolution of coloniality and photosymbiosis in scleractinian corals using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny. I find that standing phylogenetic variation in coloniality and photosymbiosis deflects the direction of macroevolution from the vector of species selection. Variation in these traits constrains species selection and results in a 200 million year macroevolutionary equilibrium.