Substantial Toxic Effect of Water-Pipe Smoking on the Early Stage of Embryonic Development
Substantial Toxic Effect of Water-Pipe Smoking on the Early Stage of Embryonic Development
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntx135
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ashour, Anas A.;Haik, Mahmoud Y.;Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin
背景：水烟是中东地区最普遍的烟草使用方式，并在全球迅速蔓延。可湿性粉剂的烟雾含有香烟烟雾中存在的大多数化合物，尽管比例不同。WPS与几种人类疾病的风险有关;然而，其对正常发育早期阶段的影响尚未得到研究。因此，在这项调查中，我们评估的影响，WPS对胚胎在早期的development.Methods：鸡胚胎在3天的孵化在这项研究中使用。同时，以鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）为材料，探讨WPS对鸡胚血管生成的影响。最后，定量实时聚合酶链反应被用来研究细胞增殖，凋亡和migration.Results的一些关键控制基因的调节：我们的数据显示，WPS抑制血管生成的CAM和胚胎相比，其匹配的控制;此外，WPS暴露的胚胎显示轻微减少其大小。我们还注意到，大约80%暴露于WPS的胚胎在孵化10天前死亡。更重要的是，WPS诱导上调BCL-2，Caspase-8，ATF-3，INHIB-A，和钙粘蛋白6基因，这是重要的细胞凋亡，增殖和migration.Conclusion的关键调节因子：我们的数据揭示，第一次，WPS具有非常毒性的影响，在早期胚胎发生。因此，我们认为需要进一步的研究来阐明WPS对人类健康的致病作用，特别是对发育早期胚胎的致病作用。
Background: Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is the most widespread tobacco use in the Middle-East, and is rapidly spreading globally. Smoke from WP contains most of the compounds present in cigarette smoke, although in different proportions. WPS is associated with the risk of several human diseases; however, its impact on the early stage of normal development has not been investigated yet. Thus, in this investigation, we assess the effect of WPS on the embryo at the early stage of development.Methods: Chicken embryos at 3 days of incubations were used in this study. Meanwhile, we explored the outcome of WPS on angiogenesis using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken embryos. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to study the regulation of some key control genes of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.Results: Our data reveal that WPS inhibits angiogenesis of the CAM and in embryos in comparison with their matched controls; in addition, WPS-exposed embryos show slight reduction in their sizes. We also noted that around 80% of WPS-exposed embryos die before 10 days of incubation. More significantly, WPS induces upregulations of BCL-2, Caspase-8, ATF-3, INHIB-A, and Cadherin 6 genes, which are important key regulators of cell apoptosis, proliferation, and migration.Conclusion: Our data reveal, for the first time, that WPS has very toxic effects during the early stage of embryogenesis. Thus, we believe that further studies are required to elucidate the pathogenic effect of WPS on human health especially on the embryo at the early stage of its development.