The threshold vs LNT showdown: Dose rate findings exposed flaws in the LNT model part 1. The Russell-Muller debate
The threshold vs LNT showdown: Dose rate findings exposed flaws in the LNT model part 1. The Russell-Muller debate
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.006
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Calabrese, Edward J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calabrese, Edward J.
本文评估了辐射遗传学中剂量率效应的发现，以及它如何挑战线性非阈值 (LNT) 剂量反应模型的基本原则，包括所有突变损伤都是累积且不可逆的假设，以及剂量反应在低剂量下呈线性的假设。新发现的历史信息还描述了国际放射防护委员会 (ICRP) 1964 年的一份重要报告如何讨论剂量率在遗传风险评估中的影响。这个独特的故事涉及两位领先的辐射遗传学家 Hermann J. Muller 和 William L. Russell 的评估，他们独立地认为报告中有关剂量率的基因摘要部分不正确，同时对报告摘要应包含的内容提出了截然不同的观点。本文揭示了科学分歧的发生、冲突是如何解决的、哪种观点占主导地位以及原因。在此过程中，诺贝尔奖获得者穆勒向 ICRP 提供了不正确的信息，似乎是试图操纵决策过程并阻止剂量率概念被采用到风险评估实践中。
This paper assesses the discovery of the dose-rate effect in radiation genetics and how it challenged fundamental tenets of the linear non-threshold (LNT) dose response model, including the assumptions that all mutational damage is cumulative and irreversible and that the dose-response is linear at low doses. Newly uncovered historical information also describes how a key 1964 report by the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP) addressed the effects of dose rate in the assessment of genetic risk. This unique story involves assessments by two leading radiation geneticists, Hermann J. Muller and William L. Russell, who independently argued that the report's Genetic Summary Section on dose rate was incorrect while simultaneously offering vastly different views as to what the report's summary should have contained. This paper reveals occurrences of scientific disagreements, how conflicts were resolved, which view(s) prevailed and why. During this process the Nobel Laureate, Muller, provided incorrect information to the ICRP in what appears to have been an attempt to manipulate the decision-making process and to prevent the dose-rate concept from being adopted into risk assessment practices.