From twigs to landscapes: Methods for studying ecological effects of forest ungulates.
From twigs to landscapes: Methods for studying ecological effects of forest ungulates.
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DOI：
10.1078/1617-1381-00020
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Edenius, Lars
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bergstrom, Roger;Edenius, Lars
近几十年来，在不同的空间和时间尺度上，植物与有蹄类的相互作用引起了人们的极大关注。有蹄类动物行动后的级联效应也引起了越来越多的兴趣。因此，我们对有蹄类动物对植物、群落、景观和生态系统的影响的了解正在增长。与此同时，世界不同森林地区有蹄类动物种群的变化(增加和减少)，以及对生物多样性问题日益增长的兴趣，加剧了对植物-有蹄类动物相互作用的管理关注。本文综述了在不同尺度上研究有蹄类诱导效应的常用方法。长期以来，人们一直在使用非实验比较，而模拟和封闭方法是几十年前开发出来的。然而，这些方法已经逐渐完善，基于这些方法的研究目标已经扩大，所获得的结果越来越突出了植物-有蹄类相互作用的互动和动态性质。最近的研究利用各种新技术，如遥感，在更大的空间尺度上收集和处理数据，而其他技术，如地理信息系统和强大的建模和统计方法，正在开辟新的方法来分析数据和提供信息。讨论了各种常用方法的性质、设计和使用，以及它们的潜力和局限性。
In recent decades considerable attention has been focused on plant-ungulate interactions at various spatial and temporal scales. The cascading effects following ungulate actions are also attracting increasing interest. Our knowledge of the effects of ungulates on plants, communities, landscapes and ecosystems is, therefore, growing. At the same time, shifts in ungulate populations (increases and decreases) in various forested parts of the world together with mounting interest in biodiversity issues have heightened management concerns about plant-ungulate interactions. This paper reviews methodologies commonly applied to the study of ungulate-induced effects at various scales. Non-experimental comparisons have long been used, while simulation and exclosure methods were developed decades ago. However, these methods have been progressively refined, the objectives of studies based on them have broadened, and the results obtained have increasingly highlighted the interactive and dynamic nature of plant-ungulate interactions. Recent research has exploited various new techniques, such as remote sensing, to gather and process data over larger spatial scales, while others, such as GIS and powerful modelling and statistical methods are opening up new ways to analyse data and present information. The nature, design and use of the various commonly used methods, as well as their potentials and limitations, are discussed.