DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE FEELING OF KNOWING
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE FEELING OF KNOWING
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.24.5.654
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发表时间：
1988-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
PECK, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BUTTERFIELD, EC;NELSON, TO;PECK, V
先前的报告认为，认知感（FOK）的准确性在儿童期增加，在成年期保持不变，这是不确定的，因为（a）他们使用的是绝对的FOK判断，可能会受到声称知道的阈值差异的影响，（B）他们使用的FOK准确性的测量在不同程度的认知测试难度下并不不变，以及（c）他们没有排除FOK准确性的年龄相关差异可能是由FOK判断的可靠性变化引起的。我们在两项研究中通过使用相对FOK判断，通过计算Goodman-Kruskal伽马系数来评估FOK准确性，以及通过评估受试者FOK判断的重测信度来避免这些方法学问题。我们发现，6岁的孩子有不太可靠的FOK判断，但更大的FOK准确性比10岁或18岁的孩子。此外，18岁和70岁的人具有同样可靠的FOK判断和同等的FOK准确性。青少年FOK准确率较高的可能原因包括他们的佣金错误率较低，以及他们更频繁地识别正确答案。最后，对元认知发展的研究提出了一些启示。
Prior reports that feeling-of-knowing (FOK) accuracy increases through childhood and remains constant during adulthood are inconclusive because (a) they used absolute FOK judgments that can be contaminated by differences in the threshold for claiming to know, (b) they used measures of FOK accuracy that are not invariant across different degrees of recognition-test difficulty, and (c) they did not rule out the possibility that age-related differences in FOK accuracy may be caused by changes in the reliability of FOK judgments. We avoided these methodological problems in two studies by using relative FOK judgments, by computing Goodman-Kruskal gamma coefficients to assess FOK accuracy, and by assessing the test-retest reliability of the subjects'' FOK judgments. We found that 6-year-olds had less reliable FOK judgments but greater FOK accuracy than 10-year-olds or 18-year-olds. Moreover, 18- and 70-year-olds had equally reliable FOK judgments and equivalent FOK accuracy. Possible reasons for the greater FOK accuracy of youngsters included their lower rate of commission errors and more frequent recognition of correct answers for their commissions. Implications are drawn for the study of metacognitive development.