Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases.

Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41434-020-00204-y
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发表时间:
2021-04
期刊:
影响因子:
5.1
通讯作者:
Arbuthnot P
Arbuthnot P
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bloom K;van den Berg F;Arbuthnot P

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疫苗学正在转向合成RNA平台,该平台允许快速,可扩展和无细胞制造预防性和治疗性疫苗。简单的开发管道是基于体外转录抗原编码序列或免疫疗法作为合成RNA转录物,然后配制用于递送。这种方法可以更快地应对新出现的疾病爆发,这一点从全球SARS-CoV-2大流行的RNA疫苗候选物的迅速追求中可以看出。常规和自扩增RNA在临床前研究中均显示出针对多种感染性疾病的保护性免疫,包括流感、RSV、狂犬病、埃博拉病毒和HIV-1。与常规mRNA相比,自扩增RNA在较低剂量下显示出增强的抗原表达,这表明该技术可以改善免疫。本综述将探讨自扩增RNA如何成为传染病的重要疫苗候选物,合成制造方法的优势及其预防和治疗慢性感染的潜力。
Vaccinology is shifting toward synthetic RNA platforms which allow for rapid, scalable, and cell-free manufacturing of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. The simple development pipeline is based on in vitro transcription of antigen-encoding sequences or immunotherapies as synthetic RNA transcripts, which are then formulated for delivery. This approach may enable a quicker response to emerging disease outbreaks, as is evident from the swift pursuit of RNA vaccine candidates for the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Both conventional and self-amplifying RNAs have shown protective immunization in preclinical studies against multiple infectious diseases including influenza, RSV, Rabies, Ebola, and HIV-1. Self-amplifying RNAs have shown enhanced antigen expression at lower doses compared to conventional mRNA, suggesting this technology may improve immunization. This review will explore how self-amplifying RNAs are emerging as important vaccine candidates for infectious diseases, the advantages of synthetic manufacturing approaches, and their potential for preventing and treating chronic infections.
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