Long-lived and heavier females give birth earlier in roe deer
Long-lived and heavier females give birth earlier in roe deer
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长寿且体重较重的雌性狍产子较早
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00414.x
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Plard F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plard F
在季节性环境中，大多数脊椎动物的分娩通常发生在每年的短时间窗口内。这种同步通常被解释为适应性，因为早出生的年轻人比晚出生的年轻人在关键季节生存得更好。在大型食草动物中，对驱动分娩日期个体间和个体内变化的因素知之甚少。我们通过分析与雌性质量相关的属性（寿命，成年体重中位数和队列），与雌性状况相关的时间依赖性属性（前一年的繁殖成功率，相对年体重和后代队列（年））的相对重要性，以及年龄在形成所观察到的梅花鹿分娩日期变化中的作用来探索这个问题。结合女性寿命和成年体重中位数的影响的质量指标占分娩日期个体间差异的11%。2岁的雌性比年长的雌性晚5d分娩。我们的研究表明，高质量（重和长寿）的女性比低质量的女性更早生育。与女性状况相关的时间变量属性，如前一年的生殖成功率和相对年体重，对分娩日期没有可检测到的影响。我们的结论是，分娩日期，繁殖成功的一个关键决定因素，是由与女性质量相关的属性塑造的，而不是由与收入育种者（依赖于当前资源摄入而不是累积身体储备来抵消繁殖增加的能量需求的个体）的女性条件相关的时间依赖性属性塑造的。
In seasonal environments, parturition of most vertebrates generally occurs within a short time‐window each year. This synchrony is generally interpreted as being adaptive, as early born young survive better over the critical season than late born young. Among large herbivores, the factors involved in driving among‐ and within‐individual variation in parturition date are poorly understood. We explored this question by analyzing the relative importance of attributes linked to female quality (longevity, median adult body mass and cohort), time‐dependent attributes linked to female condition (reproductive success the previous year, relative annual body mass and offspring cohort (year)), and age in shaping observed variation in parturition date of roe deer. A measure of quality combining the effects of female longevity and median adult body mass accounted for 11% of the observed among‐individual variation in parturition date. Females of 2 yr old give birth 5 d later than older females. Our study demonstrates that high quality (heavy and long‐lived) females give birth earlier than low quality females. Temporally variable attributes linked to female condition, such as reproductive success in the previous year and relative annual body mass, had no detectable influence on parturition date. We conclude that parturition date, a crucial determinant of reproductive success, is shaped by attributes linked to female quality rather than by time‐dependent attributes linked to female condition in income breeders (individuals that rely on current resource intake rather than on accumulated body reserves to offset the increased energy requirements due to reproduction) such as roe deer.