Are there habitat salinity markers of the Sr:Ca ratio in the otolith of wild diadromous fishes? A literature survey
Are there habitat salinity markers of the Sr:Ca ratio in the otolith of wild diadromous fishes? A literature survey
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10228-011-0220-8
复制
发表时间：
2011-05
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Jian Yang;T. Jiang;Hongbo Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jian Yang;T. Jiang;Hongbo Liu
江河鱼类在其不同的生活史阶段可能生活在完全不同的水环境中。然而，由于目前大多数研究方法(如渔获量分析、生物遥测、标记)的局限性，精确监测这些时空动态是非常困难的。鱼类的基本水环境可根据其盐度分为：淡水、微咸水或海水。耳石是钙化结构，主要由碳酸钙([90%])组成，位于鱼内耳内。它们可以被用作环境标志，因为它们的化学性质，如同心环上的时序特征。环境标量及其同位素和元素组成(如指纹)的其他特征在沉积后仍未被代谢；它们来自栖息地水，其文石矿物学中完全保存了空间和时间信息(Secor和Rooker 2000；Thorroeld等人)。2001)。微量元素的耳石微量化学被证明是重建淡水、河口和咸水生境中硬骨鱼迁徙年表的有力工具(Campana 1999)。硬骨鱼有三对耳石--箭形耳石、金枪鱼和星形耳石。射手座通常被选作元素分析，因为它们是三对星座中最大的。最近的研究集中在数量较少的元素上，包括钙、锶、镁、锰、钡和铅(Thorroeld和Sweer，2009年)。这些元素从周围的水中被同化，在鱼的体内积累，包括包括耳石在内的硬组织。耳石的锶钙比特别被用来描述辉绿岩的迁移。有趣的是，Farrell和Campana(1996)在淡水中饲养尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis Niloticus)，并人工增强锶：钙条件，以比较放射性同位素标记的食物和水中锶和钙的掺入情况。耳石中的锶和钙主要来自水(通过鳃吸收)，其中75%的钙和88%的锶来自水而不是食物。同样，耳石中83%的锶来自海洋物种周围的水(Walther和Thorroeld，2006年)。因此，鱼类耳石中的锶/钙变化模式被广泛用作淡水和海洋生境之间移动的示踪剂，在河口盐度范围内，耳石和水中的锶/钙之间存在直接关系(Kraus和Secor 2004a)。然而，由于迄今为止在浓度研究中验证的所有耳石锶/钙比值都是由不同的作者分别计算出来的，甚至使用了不同的分析方法，如EPMA、LA-ICPMS、PIXE和离子微探针，因此很难评估这些不同的锶/钙比值结果对其他鱼类的适用性，而且，如果这些锶/钙比值数据可以概括为淡水、微咸水或海水对浅水鱼类的栖息地的类似趋势。因此，锶掺入的种间差异只能通过对已发表的研究进行比较来推测。为了填补这一空白，在这项研究中，我们回顾了迄今为止文献中报道的绿长类物种的锶/钙比值。淡水、微咸水和海水呈现出明显不同的盐度状况。Secor和Rooker(2000)总结说，淡水的制度，
Diadromous fishes may inhabit quite different water environments during their different life history stages. However, it is very difficult to precisely monitor these spatial and temporal dynamics because of the limitations of the most current research methods (eg, catch analysis, biotelemetry, tagging). The basic water environments for fish can be categorized according to their salinity: fresh water, brackish water or seawater. The otoliths are calcified structures primarily composed of calcium carbonate ([90%) and located within the fish inner ear. They can be utilized as environmental markers because of their chemical properties such as the chronological signature in its concentric rings. The ambient environmental scalars and other characteristics in their isotopic and elemental composition (like a fingerprint) remain unmetabolized after deposition; they are derived from the habitat water, and the complete preservation of both spatial and temporal information in their aragonite mineralogy (Secor and Rooker 2000; Thorrold et al. 2001). Otolith microchemistry of trace elements is proving to be a powerful tool in reconstructing the migration chronology of diadromous teleosts in fresh water, estuarine and saltwater habitats (Campana 1999). Teleost fishes have three pairs of otoliths—the sagittae, lapilli and asterisci. The sagittae are usually chosen for element analysis because they are the largest of the three pairs. More recent studies have concentrated efforts on a smaller number of elements, includingCa, Sr, Mg, Mn, Ba and Pb (Thorrold and Swearer 2009). These elements, which are assimilated from the ambient water, accumulate in the body of the fish, including hard tissues including the otoliths. The otolith Sr: Ca ratio of concentrations has been especially used to describe diadromous migrations. Interestingly, Farrell and Campana (1996) reared Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in fresh water and artificially enhanced Sr: Ca conditions to compare the incorporation of Sr and Ca from radioisotope-labeled food and water. Strontium and Ca in the otoliths were primarily derived from water (through gill uptake), with 75% of Ca and 88% of Sr derived from water rather than from food. Similarly, 83% of Sr in otoliths was derived from the surrounding water in marine species (Walther and Thorrold 2006). Consequently, patterns of Sr/Ca variability in fish otoliths have been widely applied as tracers of movement between freshwater and marine habitats, with a direct relationship between Sr/Ca in the otoliths and the water, across a range of estuarine salinities (Kraus and Secor 2004a). However, because all of the validation otolith Sr: Ca ratios in concentration studies to date have been derived separately by different authors even using different analytical approaches, eg, EPMA, LA-ICPMS, PIXE and ion microprobe, it is difficult to assess the applicability of these varying Sr: Ca ratio results for other fish species, and, moreover, if these Sr: Ca ratio data can be summarized to a similar tendency for the habitats of freshwater, brackish water or seawater for diadromous fishes. As a result, interspecific variation in Sr incorporation can only be surmised based on comparisons of published studies. To fill the gap, in this study we reviewed the Sr: Ca ratios of diadromous species reported in the literature so far. Fresh water, brackish water and seawater present significantly different salinity regimes. Secor and Rooker (2000) summarized that the regimes for freshwater,