Immune responses of poultry to Newcastle disease virus
Immune responses of poultry to Newcastle disease virus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.012
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Miller, Patti J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kapczynski, Darrell R.;Afonso, Claudio L.;Miller, Patti J.
纽卡斯尔病（ND）仍然是全球家禽生产者的持续威胁，尽管自20世纪50年代以来ND疫苗的可用性和全球就业。纽卡斯尔病病毒（NDV）的毒株属于单负病毒目（Mononegavirales）、副粘病毒科（Paramyxoviridae）和禽流感病毒属（Avulavirus），包含在一种血清型中，也称为禽副粘病毒血清型-1（APMV-1）。它们的形状是多形性的，并且是单链、非分节、负义RNA病毒。据报道，该病毒感染大多数鸟类，因此具有广泛的宿主范围。分离物的特征在于在鸡中的毒力和在融合蛋白切割位点处存在碱性氨基酸。弱毒NDV通常产生具有一定发病率的亚临床疾病，而强毒分离株可导致禽类快速、高死亡率。强毒NDV是需要立即通知国际动物流行病办公室的列出的病原体，爆发通常会导致贸易禁运。针对NDV的保护是通过使用用低毒力NDV毒株产生的疫苗。免疫力来源于针对病毒血凝素和融合糖蛋白形成的中和抗体，这些抗体负责病毒的附着和传播。然而，新的技术和技术也允许更深入地分析家禽对NDV的先天和细胞介导的免疫。基因谱分析实验已经导致发现感染后立即调节的新宿主基因。病毒毒力的差异改变宿主基因反应模式已得到证实。此外，细胞介导的免疫反应的时机和贡献似乎可以减少疾病和传播潜力。鉴于最近许多国家关于经典NDV疫苗阻止疾病传播的能力的疫苗失败的报道，重新对更完整地了解家禽对NDV的全球免疫应答的兴趣对于未来开发新的控制策略和干预计划至关重要。(C)2013作者由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide, in spite of the availability and global employment of ND vaccinations since the 1950s. Strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belong to the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, and genus Avulavirus, are contained in one serotype and are also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1). They are pleomorphic in shape and are single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA viruses. The virus has been reported to infect most orders of birds and thus has a wide host range. Isolates are characterized by virulence in chickens and the presence of basic amino acids at the fusion protein cleavage site. Low virulent NDV typically produce subclinical disease with some morbidity, whereas virulent isolates can result in rapid, high mortality of birds. Virulent NDV are listed pathogens that require immediate notification to the Office of International Epizootics and outbreaks typically result in trade embargos. Protection against NDV is through the use of vaccines generated with low virulent NDV strains. Immunity is derived from neutralizing antibodies formed against the viral hemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins, which are responsible for attachment and spread of the virus. However, new techniques and technologies have also allowed for more in depth analysis of the innate and cell-mediated immunity of poultry to NDV. Gene profiling experiments have led to the discovery of novel host genes modulated immediately after infection. Differences in virus virulence alter host gene response patterns have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the timing and contributions of cell-mediated immune responses appear to decrease disease and transmission potential. In view of recent reports of vaccine failure from many countries on the ability of classical NDV vaccines to stop spread of disease, renewed interest in a more complete understanding of the global immune response of poultry to NDV will be critical to developing new control strategies and intervention programs for the future. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.