Use of legal and illegal substances in Male (Republic of Maldives) assessed by wastewater analysis
Use of legal and illegal substances in Male (Republic of Maldives) assessed by wastewater analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134207
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zuccato, Ettore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fallati, Luca;Castiglioni, Sara;Zuccato, Ettore
这项研究使用基于废水的流行病学(WBE)来调查马尔代夫首都马累居民的生活方式。来自城市地区的9个泵站收集了12小时的原始废水复合样本--因此代表了整个男性人口。对样品进行了液-质联用分析，以评估包括非法药物、酒精、咖啡因、烟草和药品在内的大量物质的使用情况。使用最多的非法药物是大麻(THC)和海洛因(700克/天和18克/天)，可卡因和安非他明的消费量较低(0.1-1.2克/天)。必须指出的是，男性的大麻消费量与其他国家测量的相当，而海洛因的消费量则更高。在卡西酮中，甲氧麻黄酮检出水平最高，与其他国家相似。发现马尔代夫不允许饮酒(1.3万L/天/1,000居民)，但与其他国家(6-44 L/天/1,000居民)相比处于较低水平，而咖啡因和烟草的消费与其他国家的报告大体一致。由于没有官方数据，还提供了关于药品使用的独特信息。通过首次应用我们实验室提供的全套WBE方法来评估人类的生活方式。结果提供了有价值的流行病学信息，这可能有助于国家和国际机构更好地了解相应的人口生活方式，包括非法药物问题，并有助于规划和评估男性的毒品预防方案。(C)2019爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
This study used wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to investigate the lifestyle of the inhabitants of Male, the capital of the Republic of Maldives. Raw wastewater 12-h composite samples were collected from nine pumping stations serving the city area - thus representative of the whole Male population. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for estimating the profile of use of a large number of substances including illicit drugs, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and pharmaceuticals. The illicit drugs most used were cannabis (THC) and heroin (700 and 18 g/day), with lower consumption of cocaine and amphetamines (0.1-1.2 g/day). It is important to note that the consumption of cannabis in Male was comparable to that measured in other countries, while the consumption of heroin was higher. Among cathinones, mephedrone was detected at the highest levels similar to other countries. Consumption of alcohol, which is not allowed in Maldives, was found (1.3 L/day/1000 inhabitants), but at a low level compared with other countries (6-44 L/day/1000 inhabitants), while the consumption of caffeine and tobacco was generally in line with reports from other countries. Unique information on pharmaceuticals use was also provided, since no official data were available. Human lifestyle was evaluated by applying for the first time the full set of WBE methodologies available in our laboratory. Results provided valuable epidemiological information, which may be useful for national and international agencies to understand - Corresponding population lifestyles better, including illicit drug issues, and for planning and evaluation of drug prevention pro- grams in Male. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.