THE INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH AS A FUNCTION OF THE CONTEXT OF THE TEST MATERIALS
THE INTELLIGIBILITY OF SPEECH AS A FUNCTION OF THE CONTEXT OF THE TEST MATERIALS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/h0062491
复制
发表时间：
1951-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
LICHTEN, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MILLER, GA;HEISE, GA;LICHTEN, W
单词和句子在嘈杂的通信系统中阅读，并由听众记录下来。正确记录单词的百分比是清晰度分数。清晰度评分取决于测试项目发生的背景。当上下文允许测试项目是广泛的替代项目中的任何一个时，清晰度得分远低于上下文将项目限制为少数替代项目中的一个时。上下文对备选项数量的限制是通过以下方式引入的：（1）使用不同的材料，（2）将测试词汇的大小从2个变化到1000个不同的单音节词，（3）将句子中的单词与孤立的相同单词进行比较，以及（4）重复每个项目3次。(1)这10个数字可以在比无意义音节所需的信噪比差17分贝的情况下正确地记录下来。(2)两个单词的测试词汇需要18分贝的强度比1000个单词的词汇。(3)句子上下文提高了6分贝的可懂度。(4)立即重复测试项目仅产生1或2分贝的改善。因此，清晰度分数取决于测试刺激可能是什么以及它实际上是什么。在一个上下文中可以正确地感知说出的单词，而在另一个上下文中可能无法区分相同的声学刺激。随着备选测试项目数量的增加，正确区分项目所需的信息量也会增加;因此，必须降低噪声水平，以便在大量备选项目中进行更准确的区分。
Words and sentences were read over a noisy communication system and recorded by listeners. The percentage of words recorded correctly is the articulation score. Articulation scores depend upon the context in which the test items occur. When the context permits the test item to be any one of a wide range of alternative items, the articulation score is much lower than when the context restricts the item to one of a small number of alternatives. Contextual constraints upon the number of alternatives were introduced by (1) using different materials, (2) varying the size of the test vocabulary from 2 to 1000 different monosyllables, (3) comparing words in sentences with the same words in isolation, and (4) repeating every item 3 times. (1) The ten digits can be correctly recorded at a signal-to-noise ratio 17 db worse than is required for nonsense syllables. (2) Two-word test vocabularies required 18 db less intensity than 1000-word vocabularies. (3) Sentence context improved intelligibility by 6 db. (4) Immediate repetition of the test item produced improvements of only 1 or 2 db. Thus the articulation score depends upon what the test stimulus might have been as well as upon what it actually was. A spoken word can be perceived correctly in one context, and yet the identical acoustic stimulation may not be discriminable in another context. As the number of alternative test items increases, the amount of information necessary to discriminate an item correctly also increases; therefore, the noise level must be decreased to permit a more accurate discrimination among the larger number of alternatives.